The molecular biology and evolution of feline immunodeficiency viruses of cougars

Poss, Mary; Ross, Howard A.; Rodrigo, Allen G.; TerWee, Julie A.; VandeWoude, Sue; Biek, Roman

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.01.022

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of FIV familial transmission among bobcats. Familial transmission of FIV has been previously documented in mountain lions (Poss et al. 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene flow and pathogen transmission among bobcats (Lynx rufus) in a fragmented urban landscape

et al. 2012

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Urbanization can result in the fragmentation of once contiguous natural landscapes into a patchy habitat interspersed within a growing urban matrix. Animals living in fragmented landscapes often have reduced movement among habitat patches because of avoidance of intervening human development, which potentially leads to both reduced gene flow and pathogen transmission between patches. Mammalian carnivores with large home ranges, such as bobcats (Lynx rufus), may be particularly sensitive to habitat fragmentation. We performed genetic analyses on bobcats and their directly transmitted viral pathogen, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), to investigate the effects of urbanization on bobcat movement. We predicted that urban development, including major freeways, would limit bobcat movement and result in genetically structured host and pathogen populations. We analysed molecular markers from 106 bobcats and 19 FIV isolates from seropositive animals in urban southern California. Our findings indicate that reduced gene flow between two primary habitat patches has resulted in genetically distinct bobcat subpopulations separated by urban development including a major highway. However, the distribution of genetic diversity among FIV isolates determined through phylogenetic analyses indicates that pathogen genotypes are less spatially structured-exhibiting a more even distribution between habitat fragments. We conclude that the types of movement and contact sufficient for disease transmission occur with enough frequency to preclude structuring among the viral population, but that the bobcat population is structured owing to low levels of effective bobcat migration resulting in gene flow. We illustrate the utility in using multiple molecular markers that differentially detect movement and gene flow between subpopulations when assessing connectivity.

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“…To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of FIV familial transmission among bobcats. Familial transmission of FIV has been previously documented in mountain lions (Poss et al. 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene flow and pathogen transmission among bobcats (Lynx rufus) in a fragmented urban landscape

et al. 2012

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“…Three subtypes of FIV have been reported in the puma: the host-adapted FIVpco (also known as puma lentivirus B (PLVB)), the bobcat-adapted virus known as FIVlru (PLVA) and rare infections originating from domestic cats (FIVfca) [34][35][36]. Most puma populations are host to endemic FIVpco, with few accounts of FIVlru as a spillover infection from bobcats [33,34,37,38]. By contrast, the Florida panther has historically harboured a preponderance of FIVlru based on previous studies [33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered lentiviral infection dynamics follow genetic rescue of the Florida panther

et al. 2019

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Wildlife translocations are a commonly used strategy in endangered species recovery programmes. Although translocations require detailed assessment of risk, their impact on parasite distribution has not been thoroughly assessed. This is despite the observation that actions that alter host–parasite distributions can drive evolution or introduce new parasites to previously sequestered populations. Here, we use a contemporary approach to amplify viral sequences from archived biological samples to characterize a previously undocumented impact of the successful genetic rescue of the Florida panther ( Puma concolor coryi ). Our efforts reveal transmission of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) during translocation of pumas from Texas to Florida, resulting in extirpation of a historic Florida panther FIV subtype and expansion of a genetically stable subtype that is highly conserved in Texas and Florida. We used coalescent theory to estimate viral demography across time and show an exponential increase in the effective population size of FIV coincident with expansion of the panther population. Additionally, we show that FIV isolates from Texas are basal to isolates from Florida. Interestingly, FIV genomes recovered from Florida and Texas demonstrate exceptionally low interhost divergence. Low host genomic diversity and lack of additional introgressions may underlie the surprising lack of FIV evolution over 2 decades. We conclude that modern FIV in the Florida panther disseminated following genetic rescue and rapid population expansion, and that infectious disease risks should be carefully considered during conservation efforts involving translocations. Further, viral evolutionary dynamics may be significantly altered by ecological niche, host diversity and connectivity between host populations.

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Restriction of feline retroviruses: Lessons from cat APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases and TRIM5α proteins

Münk

Hechler

Sarah

et al. 2010

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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The molecular biology and evolution of feline immunodeficiency viruses of cougars

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Gene flow and pathogen transmission among bobcats (Lynx rufus) in a fragmented urban landscape

Gene flow and pathogen transmission among bobcats (Lynx rufus) in a fragmented urban landscape

Altered lentiviral infection dynamics follow genetic rescue of the Florida panther

Restriction of feline retroviruses: Lessons from cat APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases and TRIM5α proteins

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