The Molecular Basis of the First Heart Beats

Ebert, James D.; Tolman, R. A.; Mun, A. M.; Albright, Joseph F.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1955.tb40083.x

Cited by 37 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(23 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This is at a time when the embryo consists of two or three simple layers of cells arranged as an embryonic disc, with little if any morphological indication of definitive structures. Nevertheless, at these early stages it is possible to demonstrate by transplantation (Rawles, 1936) or by chemical means (Ebert et al, 1955) that localized areas of the disc now have acquired speoific organ forming potential, in other words, that induction or chemical differentiation has occurred. Thus, chemically differentiated cells may be subject to teratogenesis several hours or possibly days before their ultimate role in development is indicated by morphological differentiation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryological Considerations in Teratology*

Wilson

1965

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

313

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryological Considerations in Teratology*

Wilson

1965

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

313

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The ability of the chick embryo to react with antisera against tissue-specific components of adult chickens was shown by Burke et al (1944), Nace and Schechtman (1948), Ebert (1950Ebert ( , 1951, and Ebert et al (1955). For example, specific effects of antibodies against adult antigens on the development of chick embryos were reported by Ebert (1950).…”

Section: Altonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Effects of Normal Sera and Homologous Antisera on the Chick Embryo

Mun

1958

The Biological Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The possibility of identifying embryonic antigens of unique function, of localizing their sites of origin and action, and of manipulating them experimentally in order to analyze their developmental significance by the use of specific toxic sera at lethal or sub-lethal doses was advanced by Nace (1955). By modifying the normal function of an antigen with sub-lethal doses of a toxic antiserum, a specific anomaly may be produced, affording a key to the localization and the time and nature of the action of the antigen. Similar arguments have been advanced by those who have sought to block the growth of tumors with specific antisera (reviewed by Ross, 1957;Wissler and Flax, 1957). However, before this approach can be employed critically in studying the synthesis of specific antigens and their role in development, the following questions must be considered : ( 1 ) Are the proteins and other macromolecules of the embryo antigenic ? Or does the embryo contain a population of molecules capable of reacting with antibody produced against adult antigens but incapable of eliciting antibody production? The distinction must be made between the occurrence in embryos of combining groups identical with those of adult antigens and the occurrence of embryonic antigens (Ebert, 1958a). ( 2) What are the effects of antisera on the embryo? Does the reaction between antigen and antibody, in vivo, result in measurable modifications of, or interference with, biological function? As a general rule, tissue-specific molecules exhibit species-specificity to some degree, making analysis by immunochemical techniques possible ; the principal advantage of these methods is their exquisite sensitivity, which makes possible the analysis of the rate of synthesis and accumulation and site of localization of proteins or other macromolecules present in embryos in trace amounts. The principal difficulty, one which is often not appreciated, is that antigenic specificity depends upon relatively small determinant groups rather than on the complete structure of the molecule, and that the molecule may contain more than one kind of determinant group. Little is known of the kind, number, and size of determinant groups of natural proteins. The antigenically active groups and physiologically active groups of a molecule may not be

show abstract

“…The high activity of the myoepicardium shown in experiments I and II is of interest in connexion with early myosin synthesis. Ebert et al (1955) suggested the use of tracer methods for the purpose of obtaining an index of myosin synthesis. Such an index would be necessary for the study of the mechanism underlying the gradual restriction of myosin-forming areas during early embryogenesis.…”

Section: The Uptake Of Tracer By Embryos Cultivated In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracer Studies on Chick Embryosin vitro

Pantelouris¹,

Mulherkar²

1957

Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the experiments to be reported here isotopic tracer techniques were combined with the techniques of chick embryo culture in vitro and of organizer transplantations. The distribution of methionine taken up under these conditions was first tested by autoradiography; methionine was also used to label organizer grafts and observations were made on the derivatives from such grafts; finally, the transfer of labelled molecules from the grafts to the induced structures was to some extent investigated. The first use of radioactive tracers to investigate the transfer of substances in induction was by Waddington (1950), employing P32 on Amphibian embryos. Our experiments can be viewed as an extension of these investigations and those of Abercrombie & Causey (1950) and Islam (1953) who first used radioactive tracers to label embryonic grafts in chick embryos and explants respectively, and of Feldman & Waddington's (1955) work on the uptake of labelled methionine by the chick embryo in ovo.

show abstract

The Molecular Basis of the First Heart Beats

Cited by 37 publications

References 47 publications

Embryological Considerations in Teratology*

Embryological Considerations in Teratology*

Toxic Effects of Normal Sera and Homologous Antisera on the Chick Embryo

Tracer Studies on Chick Embryosin vitro

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About