Coumarin and its derivatives are fragrant natural compounds isolated from the genus Murraya that are flowering plants widely distributed in East Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Murraya plants have been widely used as medicinal herbs for relief of pain, such as headache, rheumatic pain, toothache, and snake bites. However, little is known about their analgesic components and the molecular mechanism underlying pain relief. Here, we report the bioassay-guided fractionation and identification of a novel coumarin derivative, named muralatin L, that can specifically activate the nociceptor transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel and reverse the inflammatory pain in mice through channel desensitization. Muralatin L was identified from the active extract of Murraya alata against TRPV1 transiently expressed in HEK-293T cells in fluorescent calcium FlexStation assay. Activation of TRPV1 current by muralatin L and its selectivity were further confirmed by whole-cell patch clamp recordings of TRPV1-expressing HEK-293T cells and dorsal root ganglion neurons isolated from mice. Furthermore, muralatin L could reverse inflammatory pain induced by formalin and acetic acid in mice but not in TRPV1 knock-out mice. Taken together, our findings show that muralatin L specifically activates TRPV1 and reverses inflammatory pain, thus highlighting the potential of coumarin derivatives from Murraya plants for pharmaceutical and medicinal applications such as pain therapy.Murraya is a popular genus of flowering plants in the Rutaceae family known for their specific fragrance. Most plants from this genus have been used as traditional Chinese medicines for treating psychogenic pain or somatoform pain disorders, including toothache, gastralgia, lumbago, rheumatic pain, etc. (1). Previous phytochemical and pharmacological investigations have shown that coumarins isolated from Murraya plants are the main bioactive agents responsible for analgesic properties of these medicinal herbs (2). However, the bioactive ingredients have always been a riddle, and their mechanisms of action remain largely unknown.The transient receptor potential vanilloid member 1 (TRPV1) channel, also known as capsaicin receptor, is a nonselective cation and heat-activated channel with a temperature threshold above 43°C (3). In addition to chili pepper and temperature, TRPV1 is also activated by acidic pH, and a plethora of other chemicals from plants and toxins (3-7). TRPV1 belongs to the TRPV 4 subfamily that is composed of six members divided into two groups as follows: TRPV1-4 channels that are modestly permeable to Ca 2ϩ , and TRPV5-6 channels that are only highly Ca 2ϩ -selective, based on their homology and biophysical properties (8, 9). The expression of TRPV1 has been primarily demonstrated in pain pathways, including small diameter primary sensory neurons (10) and keratinocytes in the skin where it plays a key role in nociception induced by capsaicin or noxious thermal stimuli (11,12). Mice lacking Trpv1 show dramatic reduction of pain...