“…In agreement with this view, several reports have already revealed distinct attentional "preparatory sets" that preceded, and sometimes even predicted, the accuracy (and speed) of motor behavior during simple visuo-motor tasks (Gevins et al, 1987;Gratton, Coles, Sirevaag, Eriksen, & Donchin, 1988;. Likewise, more recent EEG studies have also shown a positive modulation of the response-locked ERP ("error preceding positivity") on trials preceding errors (Ridderinkhof, Nieuwenhuis, & Bashore, 2003;Allain, Carbonnell, Falkenstein, Burle, & Vidal, 2004;Hajcak, Nieuwenhuis, Ridderinkhof, & Simons, 2005). This latter ERP activity was thought to reflect a transient deficiency in the action monitoring system.…”