The modifying role of physical activity in the cross-sectional and longitudinal association of health-related quality of life with physiological functioning-based latent classes and metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Background Single cardio-metabolic risk factors are each known modifiable risk factors for adverse health and quality of life outcomes. Yet, evidence on the clustered effect of these parameters and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is still limited and mostly cross-sectional. The objectives of this study were to identify clusters of cardio-metabolic physiological functioning, to assess their associations with HRQoL in comparison with the MetS, to elucidate the modifying role of physical activity, and to assess differences in health service utilization. Methods This study is based on longitudinal data from two time points (2010/11 & 2017/18) of the Swiss Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases (SAPALDIA). Latent class analysis (LCA) grouped participants based on a priori selected cardio-metabolic and MetS related physiological functioning variables (Body mass index, body fat, glycated hemoglobin, blood triglycerides, blood pressure). The 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to assess HRQoL. Quantile regressions were performed with and without adjustment for physical activity, to detect independent associations of the latent classes, MetS and physical activity with HRQoL. To assess the modifying role of physical activity, we additionally grouped participants based on the combination of physical activity and latent classes or MetS, respectively. Logistic regressions were used to investigate health service utilization as outcome. Results The LCA resulted in three classes labeled “Healthy” (30% of participants in 2017/18), “At risk” and “Unhealthy” (29%). The Unhealthy class scored lowest in all physical component scores of HRQoL. Compared to healthy and active participants, inactive participants in the “Unhealthy” class showed lower scores in the physical functioning domain both cross-sectionally (− 9.10 (− 12.02; − 6.18)) and longitudinally. This group had an odds ratio of 2.69 (1.52; 4.74) for being hospitalized in the previous 12 months. Conclusions These results point to subjects with adverse cardio-metabolic physiological functioning and low activity levels as an important target group for health promotion and maintenance of well-being. The promotion of physical activity at the early stages of aging seems pivotal to mitigate the impact of the MetS on HRQoL at higher age.

Effects of Regular Exercise on the Biochemical, Oxidative, and Inflammatory Profiles and Quality of Life in Older Spaniards with Metabolic Syndrome

“…Accordingly, it has been observed that individuals with poor cardio-metabolic health and low levels of activity should be a crucial focus for promoting health and well-being. Encouraging physical activity during the early stages of aging appears crucial to reducing the effects of MetS on HRQoL as individuals age [46]. The quality of life parameters of this current study are in accordance with those of a previous study, which observed that personalized aerobic training over 8 weeks yielded a beneficial impact on the subjects with MetS, improving their HRQOL, motivation for physical activity, and reducing levels of depression [47].…”

The Role of Physical Activity-Related Health Competence and Leisure-Time Physical Activity for Physical Health and Metabolic Syndrome: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach for German Office Workers

“…Research has shown that PA can substantially improve physical and metabolic health [ 7 , 8 ]. PA’s positive effects on health are highlighted by the term “health-enhancing physical activity” (HEPA), which encompasses all forms of PA that benefit health without causing undue harm or risk [ 9 ].…”

Physical Activity Counseling in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review of Content, Outcomes, and Barriers

“…Physical activity (PA) is a vital component of a healthy lifestyle and prevents morbidity and the progression of various chronic illnesses, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Participation in regular PA is associated with significant improvements in physiological, metabolic, cognitive, and mental outcomes [ 5 , 6 ]. Based on the universal recognition of the associated health benefits of PA, various national and international organizations have developed standardized PA recommendations for populations and individuals to support them in achieving acceptable PA levels [ 7 ].…”