The modified activated carbon treated with a low-temperature iodine plasma used as electrode material for electrochemical capacitors

Krawczyk

J Solid State Electrochem

et al. 2016

Activated carbon modified by ozone treatment was examined. The process was carried out in a glass reactor under a continuous flow of ozone through a bed of activated carbon for 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min. The modified and unmodified carbon materials were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermogravimetric analysis was used to estimate the presence of oxygen groups in the carbon structure. The surface area and pore size distribution were examined by nitrogen adsorption method at 77 K. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to estimate the functional groups of modified activated carbon. The carbon content was estimated using the elemental analysis. The process of ozonation increases oxygen functionalities, thus the activated carbon was tested as electrodes for an electrochemical capacitor. The performance of an electrochemical capacitor was estimated by selected alternating (AC) and direct current (DC) methods in 1 M H 2 SO 4 , 1 M Na 2 SO 4 , and 6 M KOH electrolytes.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of activated carbon modified by ozone treatment for energy storage

Krawczyk

J Solid State Electrochem

et al. 2016

“…Orfanoudaki and the co‐workers reported that when CO 2 gas was used a thick carbon film (150–300 nm) that could positively affect the adsorptivity of greenhouse gases deposited on the surface of AC [47] . The work carried out by Lota and the co‐workers is another evidence of the importance of using moderate power conditions when plasma treatment using specific gases are conducted [41] …”

Section: Relationship Between Plasma Parameters and Surface Features ...mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These radicals affirmatively react with the highly energized carbon surface resulting in C−I bond. These bonds enhance the electrochemical properties of AC [Figure 8‐(d)] [41] . Hydrocarbons such as ethylene/ propylene could directly interact with carbon surface resulting an additional thick film (150–300 nm) on the material surface as depicted in Figure 8‐(e) [47] .…”

Section: Relationship Between Plasma Parameters and Surface Features ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Activated Carbon using Plasma Technology

et al. 2022

dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), arc, radio frequency (RF) and microwave (MW) for the surface functionalization. Most of the researchers have experienced both positive and negative corelationships between principal parameters and surface functional groups (SFGs), surface area, porosity and other surface features such as roughness and hydrophilicity. However, a comprehensive review on the effects of these parameters on the final material properties is lacking. Therefore, this Review focuses on the recent developments in the utilization of plasma as a surface activation technique for activated carbon. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis of the relationship between experimental parameters and the resultant surface features of activated carbon is carried out and discussed. The functionalization mechanisms related to plasma activation have also been illustrated. The aging effect, which negatively impacts surface functionalized activated carbon, is also emphasized. Finally, the recent advances in applications of SFAC, challenges and future perspectives are discussed in detail.

“…The electrode material should be characterized by electrochemical stability, high conductivity, and a well-developed surface accessible for ions. These systems are able to deliver energy at high power rate [10][11][12]. The increase in the capacitance of the electrochemical capacitor can be achieved by the modification of the carbon material in order to produce a higher content of functional groups [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Capacitors Based on Electrodes Made of Lignocellulosic Waste Materials

Kolanowski

Graś

Bartkowiak

et al. 2019

Waste Biomass Valor

Self Cite

Activated carbons have been obtained from the following organic precursors (lignocellulosic waste materials): willow, rapeseed straw, hemp shives, flax shives, switch grass, Virginia mallow and giant miscanthus. The activation process has been performed by using potassium hydroxide at 750 °C. Elemental analysis has been performed in order to determine the presence of heteroatoms in the carbon structure. Boehm titration was used to estimate the functional groups of carbon materials. The surface area was characterized using gas adsorption method. All the obtained samples have been used as electrodes for electrochemical capacitors operated in 1 M H 2 SO 4. The electrochemical characterization was carried out using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. All measurements proved that carbon materials obtained from different lignocellulosic wastes are suitable for energy storage applications. Moreover, the content of oxygen groups has great influence on the charge storage mechanism. Excessive oxygen content causes the disruption of surface conjugation of the carbon material.