The modern phosphorus cycle informs interpretations of Mesoproterozoic Era phosphorus dynamics

Canfield, Donald E.; Bjerrum, Christian J.; Zhang, Shuichang; Wang, Huajian; Wang, Xiaomei

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103267

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 190 publications

(360 reference statements)

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“…A recurring theme in these discussions is the relationship between the likely persistence of anoxia in the deep oceans during the boring billion and impacts on nutrient cycling. Recent efforts have shifted much of the conversation to phosphorus(P)-based controls on primary production and associated oxygenation during this time window (Ozaki et al, 2019 ; Canfield et al, 2020 ). Central to these arguments is the coupling between P and Fe cycling in widely ferruginous oceans—as specifically related to Fe-P mineral formation and the strong capacity for P scavenging by Fe oxides (Laakso and Schrag, 2014 ; Derry, 2015 ; Reinhard et al, 2017a ; Guilbaud et al, 2020 ; compare Johnson et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: New Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygenation, Life, and the Planetary System during Earth's Middle History: An Overview

et al. 2021

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The long history of life on Earth has unfolded as a cause-and-effect relationship with the evolving amount of oxygen (O 2 ) in the oceans and atmosphere. Oxygen deficiency characterized our planet's first 2 billion years, yet evidence for biological O 2 production and local enrichments in the surface ocean appear long before the first accumulations of O 2 in the atmosphere roughly 2.4 to 2.3 billion years ago. Much has been written about this fundamental transition and the related balance between biological O 2 production and sinks coupled to deep Earth processes that could buffer against the accumulation of biogenic O 2 . However, the relationship between complex life (eukaryotes, including animals) and later oxygenation is less clear. Some data suggest O 2 was higher but still mostly low for another billion and a half years before increasing again around 800 million years ago, potentially setting a challenging course for complex life during its initial development and ecological expansion. The apparent rise in O 2 around 800 million years ago is coincident with major developments in complex life. Multiple geochemical and paleontological records point to a major biogeochemical transition at that time, but whether rising and still dynamic biospheric oxygen triggered or merely followed from innovations in eukaryotic ecology, including the emergence of animals, is still debated. This paper focuses on the geochemical records of Earth's middle history, roughly 1.8 to 0.5 billion years ago, as a backdrop for exploring possible cause-and-effect relationships with biological evolution and the primary controls that may have set its pace, including solid Earth/tectonic processes, nutrient limitation, and their possible linkages. A richer mechanistic understanding of the interplay between coevolving life and Earth surface environments can provide a template for understanding and remotely searching for sustained habitability and even life on distant exoplanets.

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Section: New Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygenation, Life, and the Planetary System during Earth's Middle History: An Overview

et al. 2021

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“…To better constrain the variations of P concentrations in the study area, the ratio of total organic carbon to reactive phosphorus (C org /P react ) was calculated using the methods described in Canfield et al. (2020). In the Miyun section, the calculated C org /P react molar ratios of CLG‐1, TSZ‐1 and TSZ‐2 are 40, 10, and 30, respectively (Table ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pulsed oxygenation identified in TSZ‐1 is also consistent with increased phosphorous (P) concentrations and decreased C org /P react ratios. C org /P react ratio has been used to reflect the degree of recycled P in seawater (Guilbaud et al., 2020; Kipp & Stüeken, 2017; Poulton, 2017), which largely depends on the seawater geochemistry (e.g., Canfield et al., 2020). In euxinic seawater, the recycling of P is active in both water columns and sediments, since P stored in organic matter could be released to water column with the degradation of organic matter through bacterial sulfate reduction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, under ferruginous conditions, the recycling of P is limited due to its absorption to iron‐hydroxides (Guilbaud et al., 2020; März et al., 2008). In oxic seawater, the P liberated during organic matter aerobic degradation can be retained by adsorption onto iron oxides, but there is an ample supply of electron acceptors, so the recycling of P is active in water columns (Canfield et al., 2020; Kipp & Stüeken, 2017). As a result, sediments deposited in euxinic environment commonly have high C org /P react ratios, while sediments formed under ferruginous conditions have low C org /P react ratios.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Pulsed Oxygenation in Terminal Paleoproterozoic Ocean: Evidence From the Transition Between the Chuanlinggou and Tuanshanzi Formations, North China

Wei

Tang

Shi

et al. 2021

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The mid-Proterozoic (ca. 1.8-0.8 Ga) witnessed a period of stable carbon cycling and long stasis in eukaryotic evolution, which was commonly ascribed to the persistently low oxygen levels in the atmosphere-ocean system. Recently, several pulsed marine oxygenations were identified from different continents, and presumed to have facilitated the short-term diversification of eukaryotes in the early Mesoproterozoic Era. To test this hypothesis, an integrated study of iodine species [I/ (Ca + Mg)], paired carbon isotopes (δ 13 C carb and δ 13 C org ), and elemental abundances was conducted on the fossilbearing Tuanshanzi Formation (∼1.64-1.63 Ga), North China. The near-zero I/(Ca + Mg) ratios (0.00 ± 0.01 μmol/mol) coupled with low δ 13 C org (−30.2 ± 1.4‰) in the strata below the fossil-bearing interval suggests anoxic conditions in shallow seawater. An increase of I/ (Ca + Mg) up to ∼1.54 μmol/ mol coupled with a ∼2‰ negative shift in δ 13 C carb and a ∼11‰ positive excursion in δ 13 C org in the fossil-bearing interval point to an increased oxygen concentration. Above the fossil-bearing interval, I/ (Ca + Mg) decrease to <0.5 μmol/mol, suggesting deoxygenation and a return to anoxic to suboxic conditions. Combined with relevant data from other mid-Proterozoic sections of North China and Australia, these data likely indicate dynamic redox conditions in the shallow seawaters of this period, with multiple pulses in oxygenation in otherwise anoxic conditions. These pulsed oxygenations may have facilitated short-term proliferation and diversification of early eukaryotes in shallow seawaters, but the overall low oxygen levels have impeded their continuous development and the rise to ecological dominance until late Neoproterozoic.

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“…Some microorganisms can use the peat as an energy source, leading to the formation of a unique type of microbial community ( Williams and Yavitt 2003 ; Dobrovol’skaya et al 2012 ). This microbial community contains decomposers that can degrade cellulose and/or lignin as well as consumers that utilize the resulting degradation products ( Berg and McClaugherty 2003 ; Berg and Laskowski 2005 ; Stone et al 2020 ), including organic carbon sources, nitrogen, phosphorus, and trace elements ( Jewell 1971 ; Garber 1984 ; Canfield et al 2020 ; Zhang et al 2020 ). In addition, microalgal groups consume nitrogen and phosphorus (Di Termini et al 2011 ) and are involved in cycling these elements through photosynthesis ( McGlathery et al 2004 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Factors Associated with the Eukaryotic Microbial Community and Microalgal Groups in the Mountain Marshes of South Korea

Kim

Yun

Lee

et al. 2021

Polish Journal of Microbiology

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The diversity indices of eukaryotic microalgal groups in the Jeonglyeongchi, Waegok, and Wangdeungjae marshes of Mount Jiri, Korea, were measured using Illumina MiSeq and culture-based analyses. Waegok marsh had the highest species richness, with a Chao1 value of 828.00, and the highest levels of species diversity, with Shannon and Simpson index values of 6.36 and 0.94, respectively, while Wangdeungjae marsh had the lowest values at 2.97 and 0.75, respectively. The predominant species in all communities were Phagocata sibirica (Jeonglyeongchi, 68.64%), Aedes albopictus (Waegok, 34.77%), Chaetonotus cf. (Waegok, 24.43%), Eimeria sp. (Wangdeungjae, 26.17%), and Eumonhystera cf. (Wangdeungjae, 22.27%). Relative abundances of the microalgal groups Bacillariophyta (diatoms) and Chlorophyta (green algae) in each marsh were respectively: Jeonglyeongchi 1.38% and 0.49%, Waegok 7.0% and 0.3%, and Wangdeungjae 10.41% and 4.72%. Illumina MiSeq analyses revealed 34 types of diatoms and 13 types of green algae. Only one diatom (Nitzschia dissipata) and five green algae (Neochloris sp., Chlamydomonas sp., Chlorococcum sp., Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus sp.) were identified by a culture-based analysis. Thus, Illumina MiSeq analysis can be considered an efficient tool for analyzing microbial communities. Overall, our results described the environmental factors associated with geographically isolated mountain marshes and their respective microbial and microalgal communities.

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The modern phosphorus cycle informs interpretations of Mesoproterozoic Era phosphorus dynamics

Cited by 41 publications

References 190 publications

Oxygenation, Life, and the Planetary System during Earth's Middle History: An Overview

Oxygenation, Life, and the Planetary System during Earth's Middle History: An Overview

A Pulsed Oxygenation in Terminal Paleoproterozoic Ocean: Evidence From the Transition Between the Chuanlinggou and Tuanshanzi Formations, North China

Environmental Factors Associated with the Eukaryotic Microbial Community and Microalgal Groups in the Mountain Marshes of South Korea

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