The Modern Face of Synthetic Heterocyclic Chemistry

Abstract

The synthesis of heterocycles is arguably one of the oldest and at the same time one of the youngest disciplines of organic chemistry. Groundbreaking principles to form heterocycles, mainly by condensation reactions, were recognized in the beginning of the 19th century, and many of the classical reactions discovered at that time are still of great value today. In the 21st century, the wealth of synthetic methodology toward heterocycles is overwhelming, and catalysis, in particular, as one of the cornerstones of green and sustainable chemistry has contributed in a major way to these developments. This perspective tries the impossible by discussing some recent advances in the construction of heterocycles, focusing on catalytic methodology. We are aware that we do not come close to giving adequate credit to the great creativity of chemists in the field.

Zirconium Metal‐Organic Framework (UiO‐66) as a Robust Catalyst toward Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Remarkable Heterocyclic Rings

“…Among the top 25 best‐selling pharmaceuticals from the year 2014, 12 of them are small molecules with heterocyclic moieties. The large nitrogen‐containing ones account for more than 50 billion USD in annual revenue . In this area, the compounds with biological properties, molecules bearing imidazopyridine, pyridine, and quinoxaline moieties are widely found in natural products, and they exhibit a range of significant biological and pharmacological activities (Figure ) .…”

“…The large nitrogen-containing ones account for more than 50 billion USD in annual revenue. [3] In this area, the compounds with biological properties, molecules bearing imidazopyridine, pyridine, and quinoxaline moieties are widely found in natural products, and they exhibit a range of significant biological and pharmacological activities (Figure 1). [4] Therefore, development of greener protocol and simple synthetic methods to direct access nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds can be beneficial.…”

Preparation of core/shell/shell CoFe2O4/OCMC/Cu (BDC) nanostructure as a magnetically heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of substituted xanthenes, quinazolines and acridines under ultrasonic irradiation

“…Heterocyclic rings have a rich chemistry in a wide range of medicinal, pharmaceutical and industrial fields. [3] These versatile molecules extensively present in numerous natural products such as vitamins, hormones, dyes, and drugs. [4] In recent years, synthesis of heterocyclic compounds via MCRs has attracted a lot of attention due to their extensive biological effects.…”

Novel Approach Towards the Synthesis of Poly Heterocyclic Compounds: Total Synthesis of 12-Oxa-6,10b-epoxy-4b,5,6,10b,11,12-hexahydrochrysene

“…Heterocyclic compounds are widely distributed in nature and their functions are often of fundamental importance to living systems [1]. Amongst the various classes of natural products which possess a heterocyclic ring are saponins [2], polyketides [3], steroids [4], alkaloids [5], terpenes [6] and antibiotics such as penicillin, sulphur containing drugs [7] and cephalosporin [8,9].…”