The Modern and Fossil Hominoid Spinal Ontogeny

Martelli, S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-19349-2_11

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…2), although it is important to note that several authors report high variability in pedicle ossification, up to 16-years-old 26,27 . The absence of vertebral endplate ossification also supports the young age of UB 10749, indicating that the vertebra belongs to an individual that had not reached puberty 28 .…”

Section: Serial Allocation Of the Vertebral Bodymentioning

confidence: 61%

The earliest Pleistocene record of a large-bodied hominin from the Levant supports two out-of-Africa dispersal events

Barash

Belmaker

Bastir

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The paucity of early Pleistocene hominin fossils in Eurasia hinders an in-depth discussion on their paleobiology and paleoecology. Here we report on the earliest large-bodied hominin remains from the Levantine corridor: a juvenile vertebra (UB 10749) from the early Pleistocene site of ‘Ubeidiya, Israel, discovered during a reanalysis of the faunal remains. UB 10749 is a complete lower lumbar vertebral body, with morphological characteristics consistent with Homo sp. Our analysis indicates that UB-10749 was a 6- to 12-year-old child at death, displaying delayed ossification pattern compared with modern humans. Its predicted adult size is comparable to other early Pleistocene large-bodied hominins from Africa. Paleobiological differences between UB 10749 and other early Eurasian hominins supports at least two distinct out-of-Africa dispersal events. This observation corresponds with variants of lithic traditions (Oldowan; Acheulian) as well as various ecological niches across early Pleistocene sites in Eurasia.

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Section: Serial Allocation Of the Vertebral Bodymentioning

confidence: 61%

The earliest Pleistocene record of a large-bodied hominin from the Levant supports two out-of-Africa dispersal events

Barash

Belmaker

Bastir

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Another notable difference between humans and chimpanzees is that humans achieve adultlike form by their adolescent stage, whereas chimpanzees do not do so until the adult stage. This difference in developmental patterns is unlikely to be a consequence of differences in ossification or fusion rates, as humans and chimpanzees are generally considered similar in when the odontoid process begins to ossify and subsequently fuse to the C2 centrum (Martelli, 2019). It is also unlikely to be related to the adoption of adult positional behaviors, as adolescent and adult chimpanzees have similar frequencies of climbing and suspension (Doran, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This difference in developmental patterns is unlikely to be a consequence of differences in ossification or fusion rates, as humans and chimpanzees are generally considered similar in when the odontoid process begins to ossify and subsequently fuse to the C2 centrum (Martelli, 2019). It is also unlikely to be related to the adoption of adult positional behaviors, as adolescent and adult chimpanzees have similar frequencies of climbing and suspension (Doran, 1997) superior articular facets of humans have been linked to cervical lordosis and the need to resist increased compressive forces in taxa with more vertical positional behaviors (Gommery, 2006).…”

Section: Form Function and Development Of The Atlantoaxial Joint Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative ontogeny of functional aspects of human cervical vertebrae

Nalley

Scott

McGechie

et al. 2023

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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ObjectivesDifferences between adult humans and great apes in cervical vertebral morphology are well documented, but the ontogeny of this variation is still largely unexplored. This study examines patterns of growth in functionally relevant features of C1, C2, C4, and C6 in extant humans and apes to understand the development of their disparate morphologies.Materials and MethodsLinear and angular measurements were taken from 530 cervical vertebrae representing 146 individual humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans. Specimens were divided into three age‐categories based on dental eruption: juvenile, adolescent, and adult. Inter‐ and intraspecific comparisons were evaluated using resampling methods.ResultsOf the eighteen variables examined here, seven distinguish humans from apes at the adult stage. Human‐ape differences in features related to atlantoaxial joint function tend to be established by the juvenile stage, whereas differences in features related to the nuchal musculature and movement of the subaxial elements do not fully emerge until adolescence or later. The orientation of the odontoid process—often cited as a feature that distinguishes humans from apes—is similar in adult humans and adult chimpanzees, but the developmental patterns are distinct, with human adultlike morphology being achieved much earlier.DiscussionThe biomechanical consequences of the variation observed here is poorly understood. Whether the differences in growth patterns represent functional links to cranial development or postural changes, or both, requires additional investigation. Determining when humanlike ontogenetic patterns evolved in hominins may provide insight into the functional basis driving the morphological divergence between extant humans and apes.

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