The moderator role of intuitive versus deliberative decision making for the predictive validity of implicit and explicit measures

Richetin, Juliette; Perugini, Marco; Adjali, Iqbal; Hurling, Robert

doi:10.1002/per.625

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These particular results support the notion that momentary changes in the level of internal and external cues have a significant impact on eating decisions. Of note, the influence of these cues on a person’s eating decisions potentially takes place implicitly without his or her conscious knowledge (45–47)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Momentary Assessment of Dietary Lapses Across Behavioral Weight Loss Treatment: Characteristics, Predictors, and Relationships with Weight Change

et al. 2017

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Background Adherence to dietary prescriptions is critical for successful weight loss and weight loss maintenance. However, research on specific instances of inadherence (lapses) is limited, and findings regarding the frequency, nature and causes of lapses are mixed. Additionally, no studies have examined lapses over the course of a weight loss program. Purpose In the context of a reduced calorie diet prescribed as part of a behavioral treatment, we aimed to characterize lapse occurrence, examine lapse frequency across treatment, examine predictors of lapses, and assess the relationship between lapses and weight loss. Methods Adults (n = 189) enrolled in a 12-month behavioral weight loss program completed ecological momentary assessment (EMA) at baseline, mid-treatment, and end-of-treatment. At each EMA survey, participants indicated whether a lapse had occurred, and responded to questions assessing situational, environmental, and affective states. Results Lapse frequency showed a curvilinear relationship over time, such that frequency first decreased and then increased. More frequent lapses at baseline were associated with less early and overall weight loss. Lapses occurred most often at home, in the evenings, on the weekends, and entailed eating a forbidden food. Greater overall levels of assessed affective and environmental triggers predicted lapses; greater momentary hunger and deprivation, and the presence of palatable food also prospectively predicted lapses. Conclusions In addition to characterizing lapse frequency, the current study identified prospective predictors of lapses across treatment. These findings support the importance of lapses to weight control, and provide insight for potential targets of intervention to prevent lapse occurrence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Momentary Assessment of Dietary Lapses Across Behavioral Weight Loss Treatment: Characteristics, Predictors, and Relationships with Weight Change

et al. 2017

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“…Friese, Hofmann, & Wänke, in press;Hofmann, Rauch, & Gawronski, 2007;Penke, Eichstaedt, & Asendorpf, 2006;Richetin, Perugini, Adjali, & Hurling, 2007). For instance, Karpinski and Steinman (2006) applied a conceptually similar procedure, termed the Single-Category-IAT (SC-IAT).…”

Section: The Single-target Iat and Its Advantagesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…There is accumulating evidence that these measures can, for instance, predict the amount of snacks or beverages consumed in a laboratory taste test (Friese et al, in press;Hofmann & Friese, in press;Richetin et al, 2007) or determine the evaluation of phobic stimuli (Huijding & de Jong, 2006). The value of a single-target measure is particularly evident when arbitrary counter-categories-such as the category 'other' in self-esteem and self-concept IATs-lessen criterion correlations (Karpinski & Steinman, 2006).…”

Section: Comparison To Other Single-category Measuresmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reliability and validity of the Single‐Target IAT (ST‐IAT): assessing automatic affect towards multiple attitude objects

Bluemke

Friese

2008

Euro J Social Psych

242

235

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In contrast to the original Implicit Association Test (IAT), the Single-Target Implicit Association Test (ST-IAT) measures the evaluation of a target object without the need to simultaneously evaluate a counter-category. The present research investigates (a) whether position within a series of several ST-IATs affects reliability and validity, and (b) whether the ST-IAT exhibits adequate construct validity if the target objects are closely interrelated. We address these questions by taking five interrelated yet distinct political parties in Germany as an exemplary domain. The ST-IAT reliably and validly assessed attitudes towards political parties (Study 1). Serial position effects did not affect the results. The ST-IATs mostly captured a specific party evaluation and exhibited discriminant validity. At the same time, discriminant validity was limited among parties within one wing of the political left-right spectrum that underlies implicit and explicit party evaluations (Study 2). If used with caution, the ST-IAT can be a valuable supplement to implicit measures in the case of multiple single-target assessments. Copyright # 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.The aim of this paper is to illuminate the usefulness of a new implicit measure tailored to assess automatic affective reactions-the Single-Target Implicit Association Test (ST-IAT;Wigboldus, Holland, & van Knippenberg, 2004; cf. Karpinski & Steinman, 2006)-and to explore the methodological properties of this recent offspring of the well-known Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998). In particular, we investigate whether the ST-IAT can achieve what has not been demonstrated for other implicit tools so far, namely, to reliably and validly assess the evaluation of several (five) interrelated target objects-while remaining resistant to fatigue or exercise effects in a line of repeated measurements.Scientists have developed several indirect approaches to tapping automatic affective components that are important for guiding spontaneous behaviour (Fazio & Olson, 2003). The IAT has gained particular support as a tool for the assessment of such spontaneous evaluations. While acknowledging the IAT's valuable features (flexibility, reliability, validity;Nosek, Greenwald, & Banaji, 2006), it has been pointed out that (a) IATs provide only an ambiguous answer to the question of the absolute evaluation of target concepts (Blanton, Jaccard, Gonzales, & Christie, 2006;Fiedler, Messner, & Bluemke, 2006;Nosek, Greenwald, & Banaji, 2005), (b) the choice of a counter-category against which the target object of interest is contrasted may pose a natural complement (e.g. men vs. women), but in many cases the choice of category is highly subjective (compare a liberal/conservative IAT to a liberal/socialist IAT; Karpinski, 2004) and (c) the evaluation of multiple target concepts such as social groups within a multi-ethnic nation (e.g. White vs. Asian Americans, White vs. African Americans, African vs. Asian Americans; Devos & Banaji, 2005) requires num...

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“…Notwithstanding these considerations, research addressing people’s awareness of their implicit attitudes has primarily focused on correlations between implicit and explicit attitudes, and specifically on the factors that impact the magnitude of these correlations (Gschwendner at al., 2006; Jordan, Whitfield, & Zeigler-Hill, 2007; Ranganath, Smith, & Nosek, 2008; Richetin, Perugini, Perugini, Adjali, Hurling, 2007; Smith & Nosek, 2011). For example, Jordan et al (2007) found greater correspondence between implicit and explicit measures of self-esteem for people who scored higher on faith in intuition (i.e., chronically viewing their intuitions as more valid).…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness of implicit attitudes.

Hahn

Judd

Hirsh

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

276

344

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Research on implicit attitudes has raised questions about how well people know their own attitudes. Most research on this question has focused on the correspondence between measures of implicit attitudes and measures of explicit attitudes, with low correspondence interpreted as showing that people have little awareness of their implicit attitudes. We took a different approach and directly asked participants to predict their results on upcoming IAT measures of implicit attitudes toward five different social groups. We found that participants were surprisingly accurate in their predictions. Across four studies, predictions were accurate regardless of whether implicit attitudes were described as true attitudes or culturally learned associations (Studies 1 and 2), regardless of whether predictions were made as specific response patterns (Study 1) or as conceptual responses (Studies 2–4), and regardless of how much experience or explanation participants received before making their predictions (Study 4). Study 3 further suggested that participants’ predictions reflected unique insight into their own implicit responses, beyond intuitions about how people in general might respond. Prediction accuracy occurred despite generally low correspondence between implicit and explicit measures of attitudes, as found in prior research. All together, the research findings cast doubt on the belief that attitudes or evaluations measured by the IAT necessarily reflect unconscious attitudes.

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The moderator role of intuitive versus deliberative decision making for the predictive validity of implicit and explicit measures

Cited by 44 publications

References 38 publications

Ecological Momentary Assessment of Dietary Lapses Across Behavioral Weight Loss Treatment: Characteristics, Predictors, and Relationships with Weight Change

Ecological Momentary Assessment of Dietary Lapses Across Behavioral Weight Loss Treatment: Characteristics, Predictors, and Relationships with Weight Change

Reliability and validity of the Single‐Target IAT (ST‐IAT): assessing automatic affect towards multiple attitude objects

Awareness of implicit attitudes.

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