The Moderating Effect of Socio-Demographic Characteristics on Subjective Wellbeing

Abstract

The independent association between socio-demographic characteristics and subjective well-being is well studied, however, the moderating impact of those characteristics are yet to be established in literature. This study examines the moderating influence of socio-demographic characteristics on subjective well-being among residents in Ibadan metropolis. Using a descriptive survey design and a multistage sampling technique, 10 enumeration areas each were selected from the five major Local Government Areas (LGAs) with simple random technique. The number of participants on the selected enumeration areas were determined with enumeration area maps. Two hundred and twenty participants each were selected from each LGA, using a systematic technique, making a total of 1,100 participants. A questionnaire focusing on socio-demographic profile and life satisfaction scale (r=0.74) was administered to the participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, co-relational analysis, moderated hierarchical multiple regression and analysis of variance at 0.05 level of significance. Two hypotheses were tested. The result reveals that socio-demographic factors jointly predicted life satisfaction (F (1, 1007) =4.61, p<.001). Age and marital status also interacted to predict life satisfaction (β=-0.13, t=-3.58, p<.01; β = -0.08, t=1.98, p<.05). The interaction effect of social demographic factors should be considered in a comprehensive examination of subjective wellbeing.

A Multi-Level Path Analysis of the Relationships between the Momentary Experience Characteristics, Satisfaction with Urban Public Spaces, and Momentary- and Long-Term Subjective Wellbeing

“…Although previous studies found several effects of age [30], gender [32] and education level [28], this current study did not show any significant effects on long-term SWB. Thus, other personal variables (e.g., personality, health, life changing events, home ownership and work situation) were found to be more important for explaining long-term SWB.…”

“…The importance of personality, in particular the personality traits extroversion and neuroticism, for explaining SWB was also confirmed by previous research [38,40,43]. Furthermore, the results on the relationship between work situation and long-term SWB suggests that retired people have more time to spend on positive activities that could contribute to their long-term SWB, which was also confirmed by previous research [29,30]. With regard to homeownership, similar results were found by Bloze & Skak [38].…”

“…For example, Cuñado and De Gracia [28] found a positive relation between education level and long-term SWB, as people higher educated have more confidence and opportunities for quality jobs and a higher income level. Furthermore, previous research found evidence that when age increases also life satisfaction increases, because older people spend more time on activities that could contribute to their momentary- and eventually to long-term SWB [29,30]. With regard to gender, previous studies showed conflicting results.…”

Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Yaşam Doyumlarının Çeşitli Değişkenler Bağlamında İncelenmesi

“…The relationship between life satisfaction and various demographic factors has emerged in many studies. Income (Agrawal et al, 2011;Moller, 1996;Chow, 2005), education (Ross & van Willingen, 1997;Witter, Okun, Stock, & Haring, 1984), age (Lee & Browne, 2008;Mayungbo, 2017), gender (Diener, 1984;Inglehart, 2002), parental relationship (Çivitci, 2009;Erol & Kaba, 2018;Park, 2004;Sari & Ozkan, 2016;Shek, 1999;Young, Miller, Nortan, & Hill, 1995), perception towards parents' attitudes (Çivitçi, 2009), parents' socioeconomic status (Chu, Li, Li, & Han, 2015;Eryılmaz, 2010;Tuzgöl Dost, 2007), and religion (Doane, 2013;Green & Elliott, 2010) are examples of these socio-demographic factors.…”

“…Yaş ile ilgili olarak çalışmalarda bütünlük söz konusu değildir. Her ne kadar bazı çalışmalar gençlerin yaşlılara göre daha mutlu olduğunu göstermiş olsa da (Mayungbo, 2017), yaş arttıkça memnuniyetin arttığını (Lee ve Browne, 2008) gösterenler de olmuştur. Diener' e (1984) göre kadınlar daha fazla olumsuz duygulanım rapor etseler bile daha fazla neşe, keyif deneyimledikleri için cinsiyet temelli farkların oldukça küçük olduğuna vurgu yapmaktadır.…”