The modelled wind climatology of the Adriatic Sea

Cavaleri, Luigi; Bertotti, Luciana; Tescaro, N.

doi:10.1007/bf00866430

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The highest mean wind speed over the land is simulated over the eastern slopes of Velebit Mountain (including the proximate areas above the sea) as well as over the higher ridges and mountaintops. Although mountaintops are often regions of enhanced wind resource because of their altitude, the high-wind-resource area over the western slopes of Velebit Mountain results primarily from the climatologically high frequency of bora (Yoshino 1976;Bajić 1989;Poje 1992;Cavaleri et al 1997). The channeling of the northeasterly background flow during bora events through the Vratnik Pass (e.g., Makjanić 1976;Gö hm et al 2008) contributes to the local enhancement of wind speed.…”

Section: A Spatial Distribution Of Mean Wind Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical Downscaling of Wind Speed in Complex Terrain Prone To Bora-Type Flows

Horvath¹,

Bajić²,

Ivatek-Šahdan³

2011

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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The results of numerically modeled wind speed climate, a primary component of wind energy resource assessment in the complex terrain of Croatia, are given. For that purpose, dynamical downscaling of 10 yr (1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001) of the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) was performed to 8-km horizontal grid spacing with the use of a spectral, prognostic full-physics model Aire Limité e Adaptation Dynamique Dé veloppement International (ALADIN; the ''ALHR'' version). Then modeled data with a 60-min frequency were refined to 2-km horizontal grid spacing with a simplified and cost-effective model version, the so-called dynamical adaptation (DADA). The statistical verification of ERA-40-, ALHR-, and DADA-modeled wind speed on the basis of data from measurement stations representing different regions of Croatia suggests that downscaling was successful and that model accuracy generally improves as horizontal resolution is increased. The areas of the highest mean wind speeds correspond well to locations of frequent and strong bora flow as well as to the prominent mountain peaks. The best results are achieved with DADA and contain bias of 1% of the mean wind speed for eastern Croatia while reaching 10% for complex coastal terrain, mainly because of underestimation of the strongest winds. Root-mean-square errors for DADA are significantly smaller for flat terrain than for complex terrain, with relative values close to 12% of the mean wind speed regardless of the station location. Spectral analyses suggest that the shape of the kinetic energy spectra generally relaxes from k 23 at the upper troposphere to the shape of orographic spectra near the surface and shows no seasonal variability. Apart from the buildup of energy on smaller scales of motions, it is shown that mesoscale simulations contain a considerable amount of energy related to near-surface and mostly divergent meso-b-scale (20-200 km) motions. Spectral decomposition of measured and modeled data in temporal space indicates a reasonable performance of all model datasets in simulating the primary maximum of spectral power related to synoptic and larger-than-diurnal mesoscale motions, with somewhat increased accuracy of mesoscale model data. The primary improvement of dynamical adaptation was achieved for cross-mountain winds, whereas mixed results were found for along-mountain wind directions. Secondary diurnal and tertiary semidiurnal maxima are significantly better simulated with the mesoscale model for coastal stations but are somewhat more erroneous for the continental station. The mesoscale model data underestimate the spectral power of motions with less-than-semidiurnal periods.

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Section: A Spatial Distribution Of Mean Wind Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamical Downscaling of Wind Speed in Complex Terrain Prone To Bora-Type Flows

Horvath¹,

Bajić²,

Ivatek-Šahdan³

2011

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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“…Sirocco events are often associated with a surface pressure minimum generated by cyclogenesis in the Ligurian or Tyrrhenian Sea. Bora events mainly develop when cold, dry air, driven by a large area of high pressure located over central Europe, interacts with the eastern Alps and Dinaric mountains and is channeled through their orographic gaps toward the sea [ Cavaleri et al , 1997]. Wind forcing induces heat fluxes at the air‐water interface, which are characterized by an intense seasonal variability, with higher losses in autumn over the eastern side, more greatly affected by the Bora wind, and higher gains between spring and summer over the western side [ Artegiani et al , 1997a].…”

Section: Northern Adriatic Sea Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Current state, scales of variability, and trends of biogeochemical properties in the northern Adriatic Sea

Solidoro¹,

Bastianini²,

Bandelj³

et al. 2009

J. Geophys. Res.

132

104

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This paper illustrates the main results of a statistical analysis performed on a data set obtained by integrating experimental observations collected during many oceanographic research projects on the northern Adriatic Sea (NAS). The observations cover the last 20 years and provide a robust base for the assessment of the current state and scales of variability for temperature, salinity, nutrients, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll. The results confirmed a clear seasonal cycle and marked spatial gradients for most parameters in all seasons. The largest proportion of the river Po input flows south along the coast, but significant eastward freshwater fluxes are also present in all seasons, more markedly in winter. The coastal belt south of the Lagoon of Venice is the most eutrophic area, mainly because of river inputs, while an oligotrophic condition prevails along the eastern part of the basin. Small-scale structures, including eddies and jets, are permanent features of the system. In order to test the existence of significant trends of variation in the physical and biogeochemical parameters, the data set has been enlarged by including observations from 1976. Analyses of trends over 30 years show an increase in salinity, which might be a consequence of both reduced outflows from rivers and a more sustained inflow of water along eastern coast, and a clear reduction in concentrations of phosphate and ammonia in coastal areas, probably due to new regulations regarding the control of nutrient loads and possibly suggesting the occurrence of cultural oligotrophication. No decrease is instead observed for concentration of nitrate

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“…The most intense winds in the region include the northeasterly Bora (or Bura) blowing off the Balkanic peninsula, the southeasterly Sirocco (or Scirocco) and northwesterly Mistral (or Maestrale), the latter two winds blowing along the main axis of the basin [Cavaleri et al, 1997a[Cavaleri et al, , 1997b. The Bora is a dry, cold katabatic and gusty wind, particularly strong during the winter season over the northern and middle Adriatic Sea (up to 15 m s À1 for several days, with gusts up to 50 m s…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Sirocco and Mistral have an available fetch of several hundred kilometers and are thus particularly efficient in modulating the wave field, more so than the Bora, whose fetch is restricted to the narrow width of the Adriatic Sea [Cavaleri et al, 1997a[Cavaleri et al, , 1997bSignell et al, 2005].…”

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confidence: 99%

Variability of Adriatic Sea coastal turbid waters from SeaWiFS imagery

et al. 2007

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The objective of this work is to gain new insight on the variability and offshore export of turbid coastal waters in the Adriatic Sea, which are optically classified as Case 2 waters. This is done by means of the 1998–2004 SeaWiFS ocean color products (chlorophyll, Case 2 flags and light attenuation coefficient at 490 nm, k490) and NOAA AVHRR sea surface temperature. The role of wind‐driven circulation in the redistribution of the above ocean color features is also analyzed both at seasonal and interannual time scales and in the light of particular wind and current situations occurring in 2003, via scatterometer wind data as well as atmospheric and marine circulation medium and high resolution model output. Results indicate that turbid (Case 2) waters are exported offshore at the Po delta and Ancona headland during the colder months, in concomitance of Bora wind events and when the 2003 daily Po river discharge is above about 500 m3 s−1 and 1000 m3 s−1, respectively. Southeasterly Sirocco events do not to originate extensive offshore transport, but only locally modify the shape of the WAC front. Mistral episodes enhance the WAC flow into the Ionian Sea. Finally, estimates of coastal current width and length from Case 2 flag distribution follow the Po discharge pattern, confirming this forcing to be the main responsible for WAC width seasonal modulation. Experimental WAC widths agree reasonably with theoretical analyses, while underestimation of WAC length suggests the necessity to include the other Italian rivers in the freshwater discharge evaluation.

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The modelled wind climatology of the Adriatic Sea

Cited by 26 publications

References 7 publications

Dynamical Downscaling of Wind Speed in Complex Terrain Prone To Bora-Type Flows

Dynamical Downscaling of Wind Speed in Complex Terrain Prone To Bora-Type Flows

Current state, scales of variability, and trends of biogeochemical properties in the northern Adriatic Sea

Variability of Adriatic Sea coastal turbid waters from SeaWiFS imagery

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