The model of air pollution generated by fire chemical accident in an urban street canyon

Pešić, Dušica; Blagojević, Milan; Glisovic, Srdjan

doi:10.1016/j.trd.2011.01.012

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Moreover, the physical structure of flow patterns can be changed due to buoyancy. The above studies only considered weak buoyancy conditions caused by solar heating or vehicle emissions; however, pollutants (e.g., the smoke generated by a fire) can also be caused by car fires [18] or tanker fires involving flammable liquids [19,20]. In these cases, there is a source of strong thermal buoyancy within the street canyon, driving the ascent of the plume, and the surrounding air would thus continuously be entrained into the fire source, leading to a more complex flow field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Wind-Direction Effect on Buoyancy-Driven Fire Smoke Dispersion in an Urban Street Canyon

Xiang

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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When a fire occurs in a street canyon, smoke recirculation is the most harmful factor to human beings inside the canyon, while the wind condition is an essential factor determining if the smoke is recirculated. This paper focuses on the wind direction’s effect on buoyancy-driven fire smoke dispersion in a street canyon, which is innovative research since the effect of wind direction has not been reported before. In this study, an ideal street canyon model with a height–width ratio of 1 was established, and both the wind velocity and wind direction were changed to search for the critical point at which smoke recirculation occurs. The results show that with an increase in the wind direction angle (the angle of wind towards the direction of the street width), the smoke recirculation could be distinguished into three regimes, i.e., the “fully re-circulation stage”, the “semi re-circulation stage”, and the “non-recirculation stage”. The critical recirculation velocity was increased with the increase in the wind direction angle, and new models regarding the critical wind velocity and the Froude number were proposed for different wind direction conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Wind-Direction Effect on Buoyancy-Driven Fire Smoke Dispersion in an Urban Street Canyon

Xiang

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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“…The important concept of “critical recirculation velocity” was initially proposed by Hu [ 20 ]; namely, when the cross-wind velocity is greater than this critical level, fire smoke will be recirculated back inside the canyon, imposing much more serious fire and smoke hazards for evacuation and emergency rescue. The critical recirculation velocity for different fire locations and heat release rates was further obtained by Hu [ 20 , 21 ], Pesic [ 22 , 23 , 24 ] and Wang [ 25 ], and then a dimensionless factor called the Froude number (denoted as Fr) was introduced to reflect the competition of inertia force (due to ambient wind) versus thermal buoyancy (due to fire). Zhang [ 26 ] studied an urban street canyon formed by wedge roof buildings and found that the flow pattern of pollutant plume dispersion inside the street canyon with increasing wind speed for different roof inclination angles could be divided into three regimes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of the Smoke Recirculation Behavior in Street Canyons with Different Aspect Ratios and Cross-Wind Conditions

Xiang

Wang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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This study investigated smoke dispersion inside a street canyon in a series of numerical simulations. The building height and street width as well as the cross-wind velocity were changed during the simulation, and the smoke recirculation behavior inside the canyon is presented and discussed. The results show that the smoke recirculation behavior could be distinguished into two different stages, i.e., the “fully recirculation stage” and “semi recirculation stage”, which is strongly determined by the canyon aspect ratio (the building height divided by street width). It was found that the critical wind velocity at which the smoke recirculation would take place was almost constant for an ideal street canyon with an aspect ratio of 1; however, this velocity was decreased with increasing building height or decreasing street width, indicating a much more dangerous circumstance when the aspect ratio is greater. Finally, a new piecewise function is proposed for the critical smoke recirculation velocity for all cases, which can provide some theoretical basis for building designs and emergency rescue for human beings inside the street canyon.

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“…In the literature on hazardous material transportation, there are studies on the following main topics: risk (risk assessment, risk reduction, risk analysis, etc.) ( 3 – 7 ), routing ( 8 – 12 ), routing and scheduling ( 13 – 15 ), emergency response ( 16 – 18 ), network design ( 19 – 22 ), and accident analysis ( 23 – 26 ). Risk assessment has not lost its importance, and is still seen as a critically important area among the studies on hazardous material transportation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Risk Analysis Application to Hazardous Material Transportation Modes

Derse

Oturakci

Dağsuyu

2021

Transportation Research Record

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Hazardous material transportation is a significant issue in relation to both environment and humanity. In recent years, studies and attempts to minimize the risks of hazardous material transportation or selection of transportation mode to reduce potential hazards have increased. This study aims to evaluate the hazards arising from each stage of hazardous material transport modes and the risks arising from these hazards with an integrated approach simultaneously. Fault tree analysis (FTA) is used to evaluate hazardous material transportation modes with their stage components; probabilities of potential hazards are calculated for the risks arising from those hazards and evaluated with The Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) approach. Last, to determine the critical levels of transportation modes, calculated risk scores and parameters that affect those transportation modes, such as speed, cost, and capacity, are assessed with Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and DEMATEL approach. Ultimately, critical levels of transportation modes are ranked as highway, marine and inland, airway, and railway.

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The model of air pollution generated by fire chemical accident in an urban street canyon

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Investigation of the Wind-Direction Effect on Buoyancy-Driven Fire Smoke Dispersion in an Urban Street Canyon

Investigation of the Wind-Direction Effect on Buoyancy-Driven Fire Smoke Dispersion in an Urban Street Canyon

Numerical Simulation of the Smoke Recirculation Behavior in Street Canyons with Different Aspect Ratios and Cross-Wind Conditions

Risk Analysis Application to Hazardous Material Transportation Modes

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