The mode of reproduction in natural populations of ascomycetous fungus,<i>Emericella nidulans</i>, from Israel

Hosid, E.; Grishkan, Isabella; Yusim, E.; Frenkel, Zeev; Wasser, Solomon P.; Nevo, Eviatar; Korol, Abraham B.

doi:10.1017/s0016672310000066

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…2018 ). Therefore, the low levels of LD found for Sporothrix species provide robust estimates of recombination, supporting that alleles may recombine freely into new genotypes during the process of reproduction ( Hosid et al. 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Exploring genetic diversity, population structure, and phylogeography in Paracoccidioides species using AFLP markers

Carvalho¹,

Beale²,

Hagen³

et al. 2021

Studies in Mycology

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Sporothrix ( Ophiostomatales ) comprises species that are pathogenic to humans and other mammals as well as environmental fungi. Developments in molecular phylogeny have changed our perceptions about the epidemiology, host-association, and virulence of Sporothrix . The classical agent of sporotrichosis, Sporothrix schenckii , now comprises several species nested in a clinical clade with S. brasiliensis , S. globosa , and S. luriei . To gain a more precise view of outbreaks dynamics, structure, and origin of genetic variation within and among populations of Sporothrix , we applied three sets of discriminatory AFLP markers (#3 EcoRI-GA/MseI-TT, #5 EcoRI-GA/MseI-AG, and #6 EcoRI-TA/MseI-AA) and mating-type analysis to a large collection of human, animal and environmental isolates spanning the major endemic areas. A total of 451 polymorphic loci were amplified in vitro from 188 samples, and revealed high polymorphism information content ( PIC = 0.1765–0.2253), marker index ( MI = 0.0001–0.0002), effective multiplex ratio ( E = 15.1720–23.5591), resolving power ( Rp = 26.1075–40.2795), discriminating power ( D = 0.9766–0.9879), expected heterozygosity ( H = 0.1957–0.2588), and mean heterozygosity ( H avp = 0.000007–0.000009), demonstrating the effectiveness of AFLP markers to speciate Sporothrix . Analysis using the program structure indicated three genetic clusters matching S. brasiliensis (population 1), S. schenckii (population 2), and S. globosa (population 3), with the presence of patterns of admixture amongst all populations. AMOVA revealed highly structured clusters (PhiPT = 0.458–0.484, P < 0.0001), with roughly equivalent genetic variability within (46–48 %) and between (52–54 %) populations. Heterothallism was the exclusive mating strategy, and the distributions of MAT1-1 or MAT1-2 idiomorphs were not significantly skewed (1:1 ratio) for S. schenckii (χ 2 = 2.522; P = 0.1122), supporting random mating. In contrast, skewed distributions were found for S. globosa (χ 2 = 9.529; P = 0.0020) with a predominance of MAT1-1 isolates, and regional differences were highlighted for S. brasiliensis with the overwhelming occurrence of MAT1-2 in Rio de Janeiro (χ 2 = 14.222; P = 0.0002) and Pernambuco (χ 2 ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Exploring genetic diversity, population structure, and phylogeography in Paracoccidioides species using AFLP markers

Carvalho¹,

Beale²,

Hagen³

et al. 2021

Studies in Mycology

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“…Moreover, desert and mesic populations of E. nidulans displayed different modes of reproduction-predominantly clonal and recombinant, respectively (Hosid et al, 2010). nidulans separated by dozens (EC I and EC II) and hundreds (EC I, II vs. EC III) of kilometers.…”

Section: Effect Of Ecological and Genomic Factors On Genetic Variatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsatellite Diversity in Natural Populations of Ascomycetous Fungus, Emericella Nidulans, from Different Climatic-Edaphic Conditions in Israel

et al. 2010

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The genetic divergence of Israeli populations of the soil ascomycetous fungus Emericella nidulans was studied on regional and local scales using fifteen microsatellite (SSR) markers. The study was performed in the framework of the "Evolution Canyon" research program at the Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, in three "Evolution Canyons" (ECs): EC I (Mt. Carmel), EC II (western Upper Galilee), and EC III (the southern Negev desert). The first two canyons (EC I and EC II) are located in the northern part of Israel at a distance of 38 km apart; EC III is located southward at a distance of nearly 350 km from the northern ECs. In each canyon, E. nidulans strains were isolated from opposite slopes and, in EC III, from the valley bottom. All three EC populations of E. nidulans were found to be genetically distinct. The estimated genetic divergences correspond to geographical distances and ecological differences between the three studied canyons. On a regional scale, simple sequence repeat (SSR) polymorphism tends to increase with severity of ecological conditions. In general, both environmental parameters (soil moisture and temperature) and genetic factors (predicted number of repeats in SSR markers, distance from marker to centromere, codon evolutionary chronologies, and hydrophobic vs. hydrophilic character of encoded amino acid) influenced genetic diversity of E. nidulans populations.

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“…The fungal phylogenetic tree shows frequent transitions between homothallism and heterothallism (Billiard et al ., ), and within‐species variation in reproductive system has also been reported (Marra et al ., ; Alby et al ., ; Klaassen et al ., ). Recent studies evidenced among‐population variation in recombination rates that could be attributed to environmental variation (Barrett et al ., ; Hosid et al ., ), indicating the importance of the ecological context to understand the role of specialized sexual cycles of pathogenic fungi. More generally, documenting the highly diverse mode of reproduction of fungal species will likely contribute to uncover the mystery of sex persistence (Billiard et al ., , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the production of sexual resting structures in a plant pathogen reveals unexpected self‐fertility and genotype‐by‐environment effects

Tollenaere

Laine

2013

J of Evolutionary Biology

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The sexual stage of pathogens governs recombination patterns and often also provides means of surviving the off-season. Despite its importance for evolutionary potential and between-season epidemiology, sexual systems have not been carefully investigated for many important pathogens, and what generates variation in successful sexual reproduction of pathogens remains unexplored. We surveyed the sexually produced resting structures (chasmothecia) across 86 natural populations of fungal pathogen Podosphaera plantaginis (Ascomycota) naturally infecting Plantago lanceolata in the Aland archipelago, southwestern Finland. For this pathosystem, these resting structures are a key life-history stage, as more than half of the local pathogen populations go extinct every winter. We uncovered substantial variation in the level of chasmothecia produced among populations, ranging from complete absence to presence on all infected leaves. We found that chasmothecia developed within clonal isolates (single-strain cultures). Additionally, these clonal isolates all contained both MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 genes that characterize mating types in Ascomycetes. Hence, contrary to expectations, we conclude that this species is capable of haploid selfing. In controlled inoculations, we discovered that pathogen genotypes varied in their tendency to produce chasmothecia. Production of chasmothecia was also affected by ambient temperature (E) and by the interaction between temperature and pathogen genotype (G 9 E). These G, E and G 9 E effects found both at a European scale and within the Aland archipelago may partly explain the high variability observed among populations in chasmothecia levels. Consequently, they may be key drivers of the evolutionary potential and epidemiology of this highly dynamic pathosystem.

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The mode of reproduction in natural populations of ascomycetous fungus,Emericella nidulans, from Israel

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Exploring genetic diversity, population structure, and phylogeography in Paracoccidioides species using AFLP markers

Exploring genetic diversity, population structure, and phylogeography in Paracoccidioides species using AFLP markers

Microsatellite Diversity in Natural Populations of Ascomycetous Fungus, Emericella Nidulans, from Different Climatic-Edaphic Conditions in Israel

Investigating the production of sexual resting structures in a plant pathogen reveals unexpected self‐fertility and genotype‐by‐environment effects

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