The mode of administration of total parenteral nutrition and nature of lipid content influence the generation of peroxides and aldehydes

Miloudi, Khalil; Comte, Blandine; Rouleau, Thérèse; Montoudis, Alain; Lévy, Émile; Lavoie, Jean-Claude

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2011.12.012

Cited by 39 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…Dietary LCPUFA, particularly DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid are important modulators of inflammation. Considering the anti-inflammatory effect of DHA, and of its downstream metabolite eicosanoids, 51,52 authors have argued that DHA deficits in preterm infants may have considerable, underestimated adverse effects during the neonatal period. 9,10,53,54 In light of the strong association between elevated inflammation and both shortand long-term morbidities in extreme preterm infants, 48,55 we postulate that a DHA supplementation or a decrease in the omega-6/omega-3 reduces the occurrence of these major adverse neonatal outcomes, including BPD.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, intravenous omega-3 lipids improve the redox potential of glutathione and reduce lung inflammation in the neonatal guinea pig model. 52 Maternal DHA supplementation reduces inflammation in the neonatal mouse hyperoxia model of BPD. 56 In extremely preterm infants, reduced serum DHA during the first postnatal month was associated with increased need for supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks PMA (odds ratio 2.5, 95% CI 1.3-5.0).…”

Section: Biological Plausibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Extremely Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review

et al. 2014

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) exposure can be associated with reduced neonatal morbidities. We systematically review the evidence for the benefits of omega-3 LCPUFAs for reducing neonatal morbidities in extremely preterm infants.METHODS: Data sources were PubMed, Embase, Center for Reviews and Dissemination, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials. Original studies were selected that included infants born at ,29 weeks' gestation, those published until May 2013, and those that evaluated the relationship between omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation and major adverse neonatal outcomes. Data were extracted on study design and outcome. Effect estimates were pooled. RESULTS:Of the 1876 studies identified, 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 6 observational studies met the defined criteria. No RCT specifically targeted a population of extremely preterm infants. Based on RCTs, omega-3 LCPUFA was not associated with a decreased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in infants overall (pooled risk ratio [RR] 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82-1.13], 12 studies, n = 2809 infants); however, when considering RCTs that include only infants born at #32 weeks' gestation, a trend toward a reduction in the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (pooled RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.74-1.05, 7 studies, n = 1156 infants) and a reduction in the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (pooled RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.23-1.10, 5 studies, n = 900 infants) was observed with LCPUFA.CONCLUSIONS: Large-scale interventional studies are required to determine the clinical benefits of omega-3 LCPUFA, specifically in extremely preterm infants, during the neonatal period. Dr Marc conceptualized and designed the protocol, screened the titles and abstracts, and retrieved articles for inclusion and quality, performed the analyses, drafted the initial manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted; Ms Zhang critically reviewed the protocol, screened the titles and abstracts and retrieved articles for inclusion and quality, drafted the tables and figures, and reviewed the final manuscript as submitted; Dr Lavoie screened the articles for quality, revised the manuscript, participated in the redaction of the final manuscript, and reviewed the final manuscript as submitted; Dr Rhainds designed and conducted the systematic database search, reviewed the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted; and Dr Lacaze-Masmonteil reviewed the manuscript and approved the final manuscript as submitted.www.pediatrics.org/cgi

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biological Plausibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Extremely Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review

et al. 2014

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“…However, the n-6:n-3 FA ratio is high at~5:1, raising concerns regarding inflammatory potential. One study in guinea pigs demonstrated increases in serum inflammatory markers and oxidative stress with administration of pure soybean oil emulsions vs. emulsions containing other sources of EFAs (53). However, in comparison with enteral consumption or intravenous administration of oils high in saturated fat, soybean oil has a favorable inflammatory effect profile in animal models (54,55).…”

Section: Oil Sources For Parenteral Lipid Emulsionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Intravenous Lipid Emulsions in Parenteral Nutrition

Fell

Nandivada

Gura

et al. 2015

Advances in Nutrition

119

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Fat is an important macronutrient in the human diet. For patients with intestinal failure who are unable to absorb nutrients via the enteral route, intravenous lipid emulsions play a critical role in providing an energy-dense source of calories and supplying the essential fatty acids that cannot be endogenously synthesized. Over the last 50 y, lipid emulsions have been an important component of parenteral nutrition (PN), and over the last 10-15 y many new lipid emulsions have been manufactured with the goal of improving safety and efficacy profiles and achieving physiologically optimal formulations. The purpose of this review is to provide a background on the components of lipid emulsions, their role in PN, and to discuss the lipid emulsions available for intravenous use. Finally, the role of parenteral fat emulsions in the pathogenesis and management of PN-associated liver disease in PN-dependent pediatric patients is reviewed.

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“…For instance, H 2 O 2 induces the formation of R-SOH, whereas 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), derived from lipid peroxidation, leads to formation of R-S-HNE. Both molecules (H 2 O 2 and HNE) are generated in TPN solutions (23). The infusion of H 2 O 2 will also induce in vivo lipid peroxidation (24,25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total parenteral nutrition induces sustained hypomethylation of DNA in newborn guinea pigs

et al. 2013

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Background: Neonatal total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is associated with animals with low glucose tolerance, body weight, and physical activity at adulthood. The early life origin of adult metabolic perturbations suggests a reprogramming of metabolism following epigenetic modifications induced by a change in the pattern of DNA expression. We hypothesized that peroxides contaminating TPN inhibit the activity of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), leading to a modified DNA methylation state. Methods: Three groups of 3-d-old guinea pigs with catheters in their jugular veins were compared: (i) control: enterally fed with regular chow; (ii) TPN: fed exclusively with TPN (dextrose, amino acids, lipids, multivitamins, contaminated with 350 ± 29 μmol/l peroxides); (iii) H 2 O 2 : control + 350 μmol/l H 2 O 2 intravenously. After 4 d, infusions were stopped and animals enterally fed. Half the animals were killed immediately after treatments and half were killed 8 wk later (n = 4-6 per group) for hepatic determination of DNMT activities and of 5′-methyl-2′-deoxycytidine (5MedCyd) levels, a marker of DNA methylation. results: At 1 wk, DNMT and 5MedCyd were lower in the TPN and H 2 O 2 groups as compared with controls. At 9 wk, DNMT remained lower in the TPN group, whereas 5MedCyd was lower in the TPN and H 2 O 2 groups. conclusion: Administration of TPN or H 2 O 2 early in life in guinea pigs induces a sustained hypomethylation of DNA following inhibition of DNMT activity. t otal parenteral nutrition (TPN) may be required in neonates with impaired oral feeding capability following intestinal surgery or in premature newborns with immature gastrointestinal tract. Even if this mode of nutrition enables sustained growth and development, its contamination by oxidant molecules such as peroxides (1) is associated with oxidative stress (2). The neonatal impacts of this stress have been demonstrated in an animal model of TPN (3) as well as in premature neonates (2). An oxidative stress early in life is also suspected to modulate the health status into adulthood (4,5).Administration of TPN or H 2 O 2 during the first week of life in guinea pig pups has been shown to induce, 3 mo later, a modification in energy metabolism that was associated with a phenotype of energy deficiency (6). As compared with orally fed controls, animals receiving TPN had a lower body weight, weaker spontaneous physical activity, and poorer glucose tolerance. These characteristics are also reported in young adults 20 y of age who were born very low birth weight (7-9) and in whom the use of TPN was a frequent occurrence. This early life origin of adult metabolic perturbations suggests a reprogramming of metabolism following epigenetic modifications induced by a change in the pattern of DNA expression. We suspect that this might take place through a permanent effect of TPN on DNA methylation.Metabolic activities are dependent of the expression of genes. Transcription of genes is dependent on their availability to interact with transcription factors and other componen...

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The mode of administration of total parenteral nutrition and nature of lipid content influence the generation of peroxides and aldehydes

Cited by 39 publications

References 33 publications

Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Extremely Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review

Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Extremely Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review

Intravenous Lipid Emulsions in Parenteral Nutrition

Total parenteral nutrition induces sustained hypomethylation of DNA in newborn guinea pigs

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