The mode of action of urease. II

Slyke, Donald D. Van; Zacharias, Gotthard; Cullen, Glenn E.

doi:10.3181/00379727-11-97

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Nitrogen analyses of urine, feces, and food were carried out by the KjeldahlGunning method. Ammonia and urea in urine were determined by the procedure of Van Slyke and CuUen (9), creatinine by the method of Folin (10). Blood was analyzed for non-protein nitrogen by the method of Folin and Wu (11).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Effects of Anterior Pituitary Extracts on Nitrogen Metabolism, Water Balance, and Energy Metabolism

Gaebler

1933

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Prolonged administration of certain anterior pituitary extracts to animals results in at least two processes requiring nitrogen,--growth and lactation. It is obvious that in the production of gigantism in rats, by Evans and his coworkers (1, 2), and in the production of acromegaly in dogs by Putnam, Benedict, and Teel (3), large amounts of nitrogen must have been involved, although no observations on the nitrogen balance were made in the particular experiments. As a result of single injections of anterior pituitary extract, Teel and Watkins (4) observed a fall in the blood non-protein nitrogen of dogs. Teel and Cushing (5) also refer to experiments carried out in collaboration with Dr. Walter Bauer, in which it was found that anterior pituitary extracts administered to dogs which were consuming a constant diet caused a marked retention of nitrogen. The fall in blood nonprotein nitrogen observed by Teel and Watkins indicated that this retention was not secondary to renal impairment.It appeared of interest to the writer to study in some detail the effect of anterior pituitary extracts on the nitrogen economy of dogs. The term "growth" is at once recognized as a collective name for a considerable series of processes, and the term "growth hormone" suggests a single substance capable of initiating all of these. Should injections for a day or two result in a permanent gain in nitrogen, in absence of lactation, this result would be compatible with the idea that all of the processes required for laying down of permanent tissue had been stimulated and had gone to completion. On the other hand, a subsequent loss of the stored nitrogen would suggest that the factor supplied merely stimulated formation of reserve or "deposit" protein, 349on May 9, 2018 jem.rupress.org Downloaded from

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Effects of Anterior Pituitary Extracts on Nitrogen Metabolism, Water Balance, and Energy Metabolism

Gaebler

1933

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…Nevertheless, if a large number of the cells are injured so that their individ.ual ability to function is impaired, the effect upon the ratio should be the same, and, if this impairment is very marked, the ratio should fall even when no urea is injected. The urea of both the blood and the urine was determined in our experiments by the Van SlykeCullen modification of Marshal's urease method (14,15).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

I. Renal Function Influenced by Intestinal Obstruction

McQuarrie

Whipple

1919

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Associated with the intoxication of intestinal obstruction there exists a definite impairment of the excretory function of the kidneys. The degree of functional depression corresponds roughly with the intensity of the clinical intoxication. The decrease in the urea ratio and in the capacity of the kidneys to excrete sodium chloride is more marked than is the percentage decrease of phenolsulfonephthalein elimination. The great increase in the non-protein nitrogen of the blood usually observed in acute intestinal obstruction, which has hitherto been explained as being due entirely to an increased rate of protein catabolism, is due in part to retention of the products released from the injured cell protein. It is probable that the impaired renal function is due to direct action of the toxic substances upon the renal epithelium. The actual demonstration of this renal injury is perhaps the strongest evidence so far obtained to prove the presence of an actual toxic substance in the blood during intestinal obstruction. This obscure disability of the kidneys during the height of the intoxication of acute ileus should always be considered in the clinical management of this condition. It may also serve as a guide to indicate the degree of intoxication.

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“…N was determined by the macro-Kjeldahl method, NH, and urea by the method of Van Slyke & Cullen (1914), protein N after precipitation with 5 % zinc sulphate and 0.3 N-NaOH, and non-protein N by difference.…”

Section: Determination Of Nh In Dilute Sulphuric Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some errors in the determination of nitrogen retention of sheep by nitrogen balance studies

Martin

1966

Br J Nutr

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I . Loss of NH, N from faeces and urine between voiding and collection and also losses in expired air, eructed gas and from the skin of wether sheep 2-3 years old given a ration of 400, 700, 1000 or 1300 g dried grass/day have been measured. 2. Losses of NH3 from faeces were negligible, and the loss from urine depended on the temperature and pH at which it was collected. Collection at neutral pH resulted in losses of up to 9.7 % of the urinary N as NH, gas if an acid trap were not incorporated in the collection apparatus. The average loss of N on collection of urine at pH values below 2.0 was 1.33 % when the ambient temperature was between 25 and 28O, and 0.97 % when it was between 15 and 18". 3. Very little NH, was lost in expired air or eructed gas, but when total NH, loss other than that from urine was determined, an average loss of 3'14+0.55 mg N/kg body-weight per day was found. This loss was independent of food intake and larger than the loss of N in suint which was estimated to range from 0 5 9 to 2-55 mg N/kg body-weight per day with the rations given. It was concluded that the larger losses found in some experiments were due to splashing o f urine on to the fleece during collection and subsequent loss of this urine N as NH,. It was shown that the losses of NH, N due to errors in urine collection and failure to consider dermal losses ranged between In this laboratory N balances are determined routinely during energy exchange studies with sheep. Sheep are harnessed for separate collection of faeces and urine, and urine is collected by the method described by Wainman & Paterson (1963). Incorporation of an acid trap between the urine reservoir and the continuously running pump used to aspirate urine into the reservoir in this apparatus was found to result in the trapping of between 0'02 and 0.77g ammonia N daily which would otherwise have been lost (Martin, 1965, unpublished). This loss represented from 0 ' 1 to 9-7 % of the N collected in the urine reservoir.In view of this loss of N, a study was made of the factors affecting it and an exhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi

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The mode of action of urease. II

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Some Effects of Anterior Pituitary Extracts on Nitrogen Metabolism, Water Balance, and Energy Metabolism

Some Effects of Anterior Pituitary Extracts on Nitrogen Metabolism, Water Balance, and Energy Metabolism

I. Renal Function Influenced by Intestinal Obstruction

Some errors in the determination of nitrogen retention of sheep by nitrogen balance studies

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