The mode of action of the herbicide glyphosate

Amrhein, Nikolaus; Schab, J; Steinrücken, Hans Christian

doi:10.1007/bf01106593

Cited by 128 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Glyphosate acts by inhibiting 5-enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), which is involved in a pathway common to all higher plants as well as to some microorganisms, the shikimate pathway (Amrhein et al, 1980;Carlisle & Trevors, 1988). As a result, it disrupts the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids required by those organisms, for instance, to synthesize peptides, secondary metabolites or vitamins.…”

Section: The Mechanism Of Action and Different Formulations Of Glyphomentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide Contamination of Freshwater Ecosystems: Impact on Microbial Communities

Villeneuve¹,

Larroudé²,

Humbert³

2011

Pesticides - Formulations, Effects, Fate

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Section: The Mechanism Of Action and Different Formulations Of Glyphomentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide Contamination of Freshwater Ecosystems: Impact on Microbial Communities

Villeneuve¹,

Larroudé²,

Humbert³

2011

Pesticides - Formulations, Effects, Fate

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“…A specific shikimate pathway inhibitor was also tested under the same conditions. The herbicide glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) acts in plants by inhibiting another of the arom activities, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase [33]: both the bacterial and fungal enzymes are similarly affected [34,35]. In this case, a smaller increase in the specific activities of 3-dehydroquinase and shikimate dehydrogenase was observed in response to this inhibitor.…”

Section: General Control and Aro 1 Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARO1 gene An example of the co‐ordinate regulation of five enzymes on a single biosynthetic pathway

Duncan

Edwards²,

Coggins

1988

FEBS Letters

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The ARO1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes the arom multifunctional enzyme. Specific inhibitors of amino acid biosynthesis have been used to obtain evidence that expression of a cloned ARO1 gene is regulated in response to amino acid limitation. Northern blot analysis and sequence studies indicate that ARO1 is regulated by the well characterised S. cerevisiae 'general control' mechanism. This provides a very economical means of simultaneously tailoring the synthesis of five shikimate pathway enzymes to the needs of the cell.

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“…Other common uses include weed control on roadsides, railways, gardens, and parks. Once glyphosate enters the plant, its mode of action is to bind to and block the activity of enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, a principal enzyme in aromatic amino acid synthesis within a plant's shikimic acid pathway [1]. This pathway is found in photosynthesizing organisms, mainly plants and algae, and in certain microorganisms in the soil but does not exist in human or other animal cells [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid chronic risk assessment for soil biota

Mérey

Manson

Mehrsheikh

et al. 2016

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide used widely in agriculture, horticulture, private gardens, and public infrastructure, where it is applied to areas such as roadsides, railway tracks, and parks to control the growth of weeds. The exposure risk from glyphosate and the primary soil metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) on representative species of earthworms, springtails, and predatory soil mites and the effects on nitrogen-transformation processes by soil microorganisms were assessed under laboratory conditions based on internationally recognized guidelines. For earthworms, the reproductive no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) was 472.8 mg glyphosate acid equivalent (a.e.)/kg dry soil, which was the highest concentration tested, and 198.1 mg/kg dry soil for AMPA. For predatory mites, the reproductive NOEC was 472.8 mg a.e./kg dry soil for glyphosate and 320 mg/kg dry soil for AMPA, the highest concentrations tested. For springtails, the reproductive NOEC was 472.8 mg a.e./kg dry soil for glyphosate and 315 mg/kg dry soil for AMPA, the highest concentrations tested. Soil nitrogen-transformation processes were unaffected by glyphosate and AMPA at 33.1 mg a.e./kg soil and 160 mg/kg soil, respectively. Comparison of these endpoints with worst-case soil concentrations expected for glyphosate (6.62 mg a.e./kg dry soil) and AMPA (6.18 mg/kg dry soil) for annual applications at the highest annual rate of 4.32 kg a.e./ha indicate very low likelihood of adverse effects on soil biota.

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The mode of action of the herbicide glyphosate

Cited by 128 publications

References 5 publications

Herbicide Contamination of Freshwater Ecosystems: Impact on Microbial Communities

Herbicide Contamination of Freshwater Ecosystems: Impact on Microbial Communities

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae ARO1 gene An example of the co‐ordinate regulation of five enzymes on a single biosynthetic pathway

Glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid chronic risk assessment for soil biota

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