The Mode of Action of Drugs of the Sulphonamide Group

McIntosh, James; Whitby, LionelE.H.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)77613-6

Cited by 50 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…of culture in 1 cc. of starch broth paste) has been found by Robertson and Fox (11) to produce a lesion which on the average occupies eventually but one-quarter of the lung field by x-ray (approximately 1 and one-half lobes), and results in a mortality of only 8 per cent. This evidence of the delayed action of sulfapyridine is comparable to the findings of McIntosh and Whitby (25) in experiments on mice and on citrated rabbit's blood.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Sulfapyridine in Experimental Pneumococcic Pneumonia in the Dog 1

Gregg¹,

Hamburger²,

Loosli³

1940

J. Clin. Invest.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Sulfapyridine in Experimental Pneumococcic Pneumonia in the Dog 1

Gregg¹,

Hamburger²,

Loosli³

1940

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…In experimental studies, Whitby (5), and McIntosh and Whitby (6) observed that mice cured of pneumococcus infections with sulfapyridine, subsequently exhibited active specific immunity against the type of organism used in the therapeutic tests. The latter authors concluded that sulfapyridine in no way altered the development of an immune response.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Antipneumococcal Immunity in Relation to the Chemotherapy of Pneumonia 12

Tillett¹,

Cambier²,

Dunn³

1942

J. Clin. Invest.

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The findings recorded in this report are concerned with the effect of chemotherapy on the occurrence of type specific pneumococcal antibodies in patients suffering from pneumonia. The incidence of the development of demonstrable specific immunity has been determined with samples of serum obtained at frequent intervals from patients with pneumonia, who were treated with either sulfapyridine or sulfathiazole. In addition to the quantitative aspects of the immunological information derived from the observations, the serological results have also formed the basis for an analysis of the significance of the presence or absence of measurable specific antibodies, in relation to the outcome of the infection in patients treated with either one drug or the other.The patients available for the immunological study presented varied clinical courses and suffered from pneumonia of varying degrees of severity. Approximately one-third of the group had bacteremia. Although the majority of them recovered promptly from the infection, some had complicating febrile episodes, with and without bacteremia, and still others died. By correlating the different kinds of clinical courses with the results of the serological tests for specific antibodies, the attempt has been made to reconstruct the course of the disease on the basis of the immunological findings. In elaborating the second phase of the problem, the study has also included clinical and postmortem findings of other patients with pneumonia who were not used for serological study, but who were serviceable in the assay of factors that appeared either to promote or retard recovery, or were associated with fatal termination.

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“…In animals treated with sulfonamides, the immunity produced to pneumococcal infections was related in a quantitative manner to the infecting dose (9) and to the relative antigenicity of the respective types of pneumococci (10). The early development of circulating antibodies and active 'resistance was not influenced by the administration of sulfonamide (11)(12)(13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of pneumococcal infections in both man (1-8) and animals (9)(10)(11)(12)(13) have shown that the development of specific antibodies is not affected by early therapy with sulfonamide drugs. In contrast, early penicillin therapy of rabbits and mice (14) and of rats (15) Twenty-nine patients received initial penicillin doses of from 20,000 to 50,000 units intramuscularly; 12 patients were given 100,000 units, and three patients 300,000 units.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of pneumococcal infections in both man (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) and animals (9)(10)(11)(12)(13) have shown that the development of specific antibodies is not affected by early therapy with sulfonamide drugs. In contrast, early penicillin therapy of rabbits and mice (14) and of rats (15) infected with pneumococci has been observed to suppress or decrease the antibody response of these animals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunological Studies of Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Patients Treated With Penicillin 1

Jordan¹,

Badger²,

Dingle³

1950

J. Clin. Invest.

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Immunological studies. of pneumococcal infections in both man (1-8) and animals (9)(10)(11)(12)(13) have shown that the development of specific antibodies is not affected by early therapy with sulfonamide drugs. In contrast, early penicillin therapy of rabbits and mice (14) and of rats (15) Twenty-nine patients received initial penicillin doses of from 20,000 to 50,000 units intramuscularly; 12 patients were given 100,000 units, and three patients 300,000 units. Subsequent dosage in 33 cases ranged from 20,000 to 50,000 units every two to three hours. Four patients received 100,000 units every eight hours; six patients received 100,000 units every 12 hours. One patient was treated with 300,000 units of procaine penicillin once a day. Duration of treatment varied from five to 27 days, and total dosage ranged from 1 million to 10 million units.Agglutination tests were done using a 0. Mouse protection tests were performed us'ng strains of pneumococci maintained by daily mouse passage. Mouse virulent strains 2 were available for all types except type 33. For each test, the heart's blood of a mouse, inoculated five hours previously with the specific type of pneumococci, was transferred in blood broth and the resulting culture incubated for 18 hours. The serum was diluted in 0.85 per cent NaCl solution so that 0.1 ml. was contained in 0.5 ml. Decimal dilutions of the pneumococcal culture were injected intrap-ritoneally in 0.5 ml. amounts; immediately thereafter 0.5 ml. of the serum dilution was administered by the same route. Five mice were used for each dilution, and at least four consecutive decimal dilutions of organisms were used in testing each serum. In the event that an end-point was not reached, all sera from that patient were retested. A control titration was performed with each test, employing broth in place of serum, and a 50 per cent lethal dose (LD50) was arbitrarily selected as the end-point, for comparison with the serum titrations. The titer was considered to be the degree of protection, expressed in terms of LD50, conferred by 0

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The Mode of Action of Drugs of the Sulphonamide Group

Cited by 50 publications

References 8 publications

Sulfapyridine in Experimental Pneumococcic Pneumonia in the Dog 1

Sulfapyridine in Experimental Pneumococcic Pneumonia in the Dog 1

Specific Antipneumococcal Immunity in Relation to the Chemotherapy of Pneumonia 12

Immunological Studies of Pneumococcal Pneumonia in Patients Treated With Penicillin 1

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