The MMR question

Iizuka, Masahiro; Itou, Hiroaki; Chiba, Mitsuro; Shirasaka, Tomoyuki; Watanabe, Sumio

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02459-4

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Chickenpox disease is considered as a natural rite of passage and a ' must ' that children should go through [36]. Add to that the emergence of recent reports of latent complications associated with some vaccines, has made the population at large more hesitant to accept newer vaccines [37,38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity to chickenpox among school adolescents in Lebanon and options for vaccination

et al. 2002

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Varicella infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality in adolescents and adults. The primary infection, chickenpox, results in lifelong immunity to chickenpox. A seroprevalence study carried on adolescents 15-18 years of age attending schools in Lebanon showed 96.6% immunity to varicella. The positive predictive value for immunity to chickenpox based on history alone was 97.4%, whereas the negative predictive value was 4.5%. Coming from a bigger family was a statistically significant predictor of immunity to chickenpox. In a developing country like Lebanon the merits and limitations of implementing universal varicella vaccination is discussed in relation to seroprevalence and socioeconomic factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity to chickenpox among school adolescents in Lebanon and options for vaccination

et al. 2002

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“…In addition, there is no convincing evidence that monovalent vaccines pose fewer challenges to the developing immune system. Wakefield's 12 findings of measles virus RNA in bowel disease have been supported by one report 13 which looked at autism in particular, but have not been substantiated by others, 14,15 thus making it difficult to draw any conclusions regarding the association between measles virus and GI disease. One study showed evidence of altered measles immunity in children with autism, 16 although these positive results have been called into question due to issues of cross-contamination, as well as the use of unsubstantiated and un-validated biochemical techniques.…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Immunizations and Autism: A Review of the Literature

Doja

Roberts

2006

Can. j. neurol. sci.

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ABSTRACT:Because of a temporal correlation between the first notable signs and symptoms of autism and the routine childhood vaccination schedule, many parents have become increasingly concerned regarding the possible etiologic role vaccines may play in the development of autism. In particular, some have suggested an association between the Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccine and autism. Our literature review found very few studies supporting this theory, with the overwhelming majority showing no causal association between the Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccine and autism. The vaccine preservative thimerosal has alternatively been hypothesized to have a possible causal role in autism. Again, no convincing evidence was found to support this claim, nor for the use of chelation therapy in autism. With decreasing uptake of immunizations in children and the inevitable occurrence of measles outbreaks, it is important that clinicians be aware of the literature concerning vaccinations and autism so that they may have informed discussions with parents and caregivers.

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“…In a subsequent report, they were unable to detect cross-reacting antibodies to the measles related antigen detected in serum samples from 15 patients with Crohn's disease, 15 with ulcerative colitis, and 15 controls, which does not support the autoimmunity hypothesis. 189 Other laboratories were also unable to identify measles antigens in intestinal wall tissue specimens from patients with IBD using sensitive immunohistochemical staining and PCR and reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) assays. 187,190 -194 Chadwick et al, 195 working with Wakefield et al, were unable to detect measles virus in intestinal tissue specimens from patients with IBD using PCR assay.…”

Section: Is Measles Virus Present In the Intestinal Wall In Patients mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine and Autistic Spectrum Disorder: Report From the New Challenges in Childhood Immunizations Conference Convened in Oak Brook, Illinois, June 12–13, 2000

Halsey¹,

Hyman²

2001

Pediatrics

138

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ABSTRACT. Background. Parents and physicians are understandably concerned about the causes and treatment of autism, a devastating disease that affects the entire family. Although much has been learned about autism, there are many gaps in our knowledge about what causes the disorder and how it can be prevented. Autistic symptoms occur along a spectrum, often referred to as autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Concern has been raised about a possible association between measlesmumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and ASD, especially autism with regression. Also, increased requests for educational services related to ASD have raised concerns about possible increases in the incidence of ASD.Methods. On June 12-13, 2000, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) convened a conference titled "New Challenges in Childhood Immunizations" in Oak Brook, Illinois. At this conference, parents, practitioners, and scientists presented information and research on MMR vaccine and ASD. Attendees included representatives from select AAP committees and sections as well as federal and other organizations that address related issues. The multidisciplinary panel of experts reviewed data on what is known about the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and genetics of ASD and the available data on hypothesized associations with IBD, measles, and MMR vaccine. Supplemental information was requested from authors who have proposed the hypotheses and other experts in relevant areas.Results. Autism is a complex disorder of uncertain and probably multiple etiologies. Genetic predisposition to ASD may involve as many as 10 genes. Many experts believe that the abnormal brain development in autism occurs before 30 weeks' gestation in most instances. In utero rubella is a known cause of autism. Animal model data support the biologic plausibility that exposure to yet unrecognized infectious or other environmental agents could cause ASD.Several factors may contribute to apparent increases in incidence of ASD in recent years. Most data indicate increased recognition and reporting as primary factors, but the epidemiologic data are insufficient to determine if there has been a true increase in the incidence of ASD. Increased reporting of ASD in recent years has occurred long after the introduction of MMR vaccine in the United States in 1971 and widespread use of this vaccine in the 1970s for routine immunization of children at 12 to 15 months of age. Appropriate detailed studies are needed to define the true incidence and prevalence of ASD. Epidemiologic studies in Europe indicate no association between MMR vaccine and ASD.Some children with ASD have gastrointestinal symptoms, but an increased rate of any specific gastrointestinal disorder in children with ASD has not been established. Studies to detect evidence of measles virus in intestinal tissue specimens from patients with IBD or autism with gastrointestinal symptoms have not used uniform techniques. Several laboratories have found no evidence of measles viruses in tissue specimens f...

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The MMR question

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Immunity to chickenpox among school adolescents in Lebanon and options for vaccination

Immunity to chickenpox among school adolescents in Lebanon and options for vaccination

Immunizations and Autism: A Review of the Literature

Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine and Autistic Spectrum Disorder: Report From the New Challenges in Childhood Immunizations Conference Convened in Oak Brook, Illinois, June 12–13, 2000

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