The mixed state

Finite temperature ordering in the three-dimensional gauge glass

“…Fig. (3) shows that the data scales well with ν = 1.39. This value is obtained by by scaling the data using different choices for ν, fitting a polynomial, calculating the chi-squared statistic for each choice, and minimizing the chi-squared.…”

“…The correlation length exponent has also been deduced from experimental measurements. It is now known, 3,4 however, that the response of the resistivity and critical temperature to tilting of the applied field distinguishes a vortex-glass transition, in which point disorder dominates, from a Bose-glass transition, in which correlated disorder, such as twin boundaries or columnar pins, dominates. To our knowledge, there are only two experiments 6,37 which observe a vortex glass transition and demonstrate the proper response to magnetic field tilting.…”

“…The addition of disorder, however, drastically changes the behavior of the mixed state. Correlated disorder, such as from heavy ion irradiation 3 or twin boundaries, 4 causes the vortex lines to locally align with and adhere to the defects; this destroys the long-range order of the lattice and produces a superconducting glassy phase known as the Bose glass 5 . Random point disorder, e.g., from proton irradiation 6 , pins the vortices in random positions creating a different type of superconducting phase known as the vortex glass 7,8 .…”