The mixed mating system of the sea palm kelp<i>Postelsia palmaeformis</i>: few costs to selfing

Barner, Allison K.; Pfister, Catherine A.; Wootton, J. Timothy

doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.1928

Cited by 34 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Each replicate was located at the same site at the same general time period and used the same source population in all but the outbred treatments. Although our experiment did not allow us to identify general differences among source populations arising from genetic differentiation (Kusumo et al 2006) from variation in the environmental conditions experienced by each replicate set of plots, our genetic analyses indicated that all source populations were equally represented (Barner et al 2011). Because of the large area required to carry out the experiments, plots were reused to gain additional replication once sufficient plots became available following extinctions to allow installation of a complete set of treatments at a site at the same time.…”

Section: J Timothy Wootton and Catherine A Pfister 2118mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sea palm is ideal for this experimental study because it has relatively insular populations (Dayton 1973, Paine 1988, Kusumo et al 2006, Barner et al 2011) that sometimes go extinct (Paine 1979(Paine , 1988. Furthermore, prior observations of populations on the verge of extinction have frequently detected stunted individuals (R. T. Paine, personal communication), leading us to suspect a priori that genetic factors might contribute significantly to extinction risk.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, sea palm life cycle attributes could result in either relative insensitivity or sensitivity to extinction risk from genetic factors, depending on the underlying genetic processes. Finally, self-fertilization should minimize the relative risk of extinction from demographic effects by increasing reproductive assurance at low population size (Barner et al 2011). Therefore, the attributes of sea palms that facilitated our experiments do not necessarily predispose this species to strong demographic effects relative to genetic effects.…”

Section: J Timothy Wootton and Catherinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, the metapopulation structure of sea palms, capable of generating periodic bottlenecks, is likely present in many species. Second, a haplo-diploid life cycle combined with selfing, which has little short-term fitness effect in this species (Barner et al 2011), might increase the efficiency of revealing deleterious alleles to natural selection. Efficiently revealing deleterious alleles could result in higher extinction risk, but purging those alleles might reduce extinction risk.…”

Section: J Timothy Wootton and Catherinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We quantified genetic diversity among the treatments in the first generation using microsatellite markers using methods reported in prior papers (Kusumo et al 2006, Barner et al 2011. Analyses used nine microsatellite markers with 3 to 13 alleles per locus.…”

Section: J Timothy Wootton and Catherine A Pfister 2118mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental separation of genetic and demographic factors on extinction risk in wild populations

Wootton

Pfister

2013

Ecology

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Abstract. When populations reach small size, an extinction risk vortex may arise from genetic (inbreeding depression, genetic drift) and ecological (demographic stochasticity, Allee effects, environmental fluctuation) processes. The relative contribution of these processes to extinction in wild populations is unknown, but important for conserving endangered species. In experimental field populations of a harvested kelp (Postelsia palmaeformis), in which we independently varied initial genetic diversity (completely inbred, control, outbred) and population size, ecological processes dominated the risk of extinction, whereas the contribution of genetic diversity was slight. Our results match theoretical predictions that demographic processes will generally doom small populations to extinction before genetic effects act strongly, prioritize detailed ecological analysis over descriptions of genetic structure in assessing conservation of at-risk species, and highlight the need for field experiments manipulating both demographics and genetic structure on long-term extinction risk.

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Section: J Timothy Wootton and Catherine A Pfister 2118mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: J Timothy Wootton and Catherinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: J Timothy Wootton and Catherinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: J Timothy Wootton and Catherine A Pfister 2118mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Experimental separation of genetic and demographic factors on extinction risk in wild populations

Wootton

Pfister

2013

Ecology

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Strong population structure but no equilibrium yet: Genetic connectivity and phylogeography in the kelp Saccharina latissima (Laminariales, Phaeophyta)

Luttikhuizen

Heuvel

Rebours

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Kelp aquaculture is globally developing steadily as human food source, along with other applications. One of the newer crop species is Saccharina latissima, a northern hemisphere kelp inhabiting temperate to arctic rocky shores. To protect and document its natural genetic variation at the onset of this novel aquaculture, as well as increase knowledge on its taxonomy and phylogeography, we collected new genetic data, both nuclear and mitochondrial, and combined it with previous knowledge to estimate genetic connectivity and infer colonization history. Isolation‐with‐migration coalescent analyses demonstrate that gene flow among the sampled locations is virtually nonexistent. An updated scenario for the origin and colonization history of S. latissima is developed as follows: We propose that the species (or species complex) originated in the northwest Pacific, crossed to the northeast Pacific in the Miocene, and then crossed the Bering Strait after its opening ~5.5 Ma into the Arctic and northeast Atlantic. It subsequently crossed the Atlantic from east to west. During the Pleistocene, it was compressed in the south with evidence for northern refugia in Europe. Postglacial recolonization led to secondary contact in the Canadian Arctic. Saccharina cichorioides is shown to probably belong to the S. latissima species complex and to derive from ancestral populations in the Asian North Pacific. Our novel approach of comparing inferred gene flow based on coalescent analysis versus Wright's island model suggests that equilibrium levels of differentiation have not yet been reached in Europe and, hence, that genetic differentiation is expected to increase further if populations are left undisturbed.

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Short‐range dispersal maintains a volatile marine metapopulation: the brown algaPostelsia palmaeformis

Paine

Buhle

Levin

et al. 2017

Ecology

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The annual brown alga Postelsia palmaeformis is dependent for its survival on short-distance dispersal (SDD) where it is already established, as well as occasional long-distance colonization of novel sites. To quantify SDD, we transplanted Postelsia to sites lacking established plants within ≥10 m. The spatial distribution of the first naturally produced sporophyte generation was used to fit dispersal kernels in a hierarchical Bayesian framework. Mean dispersal distance within a year ranged from 0.16 to 0.50 m across sites; 95% of the recruits were within 0.38-1.32 m of the transplant. The fat-tailed exponential square root kernel was the best among the candidate models at describing offspring density and dispersal. Independent measurements of patch size over two to five generations permitted an evaluation of whether models parameterized by individual-level data could adequately predict longer-term persistence and spread at the patch scale. The observed spread rates generally fell within the 95% predictive intervals. Finally, Postelsia was eliminated from 14 occupied sites that were then followed for ≥27 yr. The probability of invasion when unoccupied declined and the probability of extinction when occupied increased with distance from the nearest propagule source. Sites >10 m from a source were rarely invaded, and one initially densely populated site isolated by 39 m has remained Postelsia-free since 1981. In spite of dispersal that is almost entirely within 2 m of the parent, the ability of our models to capture the observed dynamics of Postelsia indicates that short-range dispersal adequately explains the persistent and thriving Postelsia metapopulation on Tatoosh Island. However, the presence of Postelsia over a 2000-km coastal range with many gaps >1 km makes it clear that rare long-distance dispersal must be required to explain the geographic range of the species.

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The mixed mating system of the sea palm kelpPostelsia palmaeformis: few costs to selfing

Cited by 34 publications

References 57 publications

Experimental separation of genetic and demographic factors on extinction risk in wild populations

Experimental separation of genetic and demographic factors on extinction risk in wild populations

Strong population structure but no equilibrium yet: Genetic connectivity and phylogeography in the kelp Saccharina latissima (Laminariales, Phaeophyta)

Short‐range dispersal maintains a volatile marine metapopulation: the brown algaPostelsia palmaeformis

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