The mixed leukocyte reaction in chickens. Evidence for control by the major histocompatibility complex

Abstract

Evidence for control by the major histocompatibility complexOne-way and two-way mixed leukocyte reactions (MLR) have been performed using cells isolated from peripheral blood of chickens from four different inbred lines (CA, CB, WA and WB).MLR between chickens from the same line, or from lines CA and CB (which have the same major histocompatibility antigens (B antigens)) were always negative; MLR between chickens from lines differing a t the B locus were always positive, even when the lines compared (WA, WB) had otherwise identical or very similar genetic backgrounds. This evidence that a locus or loci controlling the MLR is linked to the major histocompatibility locus in the chicken was confirmed by the results of MLR performed with leukocytes from the F 2 progeny of a WA x CB cross. These experiments also exclude (at least for the WA/CB combination) the role in the reaction of other, non-B-linked MLR loci.The evolution of the vertebrate major histocompatibility complex is discussed in the light of these findings.

Histocompatible Chicken Inbred Lines: Homogeneities in the Major Histocompatibility Complex Antigens of the GSP, GSN/1, PNP/DO and BM-C Inbred Lines Assessed by Hemagglutination, Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction and Skin Transplantation

“…The results of this experiment regarding the weak MLR between chickens having the same B allele and significantly strong responses carrying different B allele (Table 2) were in agreement with the results of other studies involving inbred lines of chickens homozygous at the MHC region as well as in inbred strains of the mouse [2,18,33]. Also, the weak MLR response between the GSP and GSN/1 inbred lines both fixed for the B allele (B 21 ) may indicate similar MHC antigens related to the MLR response.…”

“…However, in addition to the serologically defined loci there may be MHC differences which cannot be detected using this usual method of immunization and testing, but can cause a lymphocyte proliferation response. Such a difference is referred to as a lymphocyte-defined difference [18].…”

Immunochemical characterization of murine H-2 controlled Ss (serum substance) protein through identification of its human homologue as the fourth component of complement.

“…The murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC), the H-2 complex, represents the most extensively studied segment of any mammalian chromosome. Many of the distinct products and functions governed by the H-2 complex in the mouse have been found to be controlled by a single circumscribed gene cluster in every species so far studied, suggesting a stringent evolutionary conservatism which has survived species divergence, at least from amphibia to man (1). The human HL-A and the murine H-2 complexes, though somewhat different in gene orders, display a marked similarity in composition.…”

Rapid Detection of BF Haplotypes by a Semi‐nested Polymerase Chain Reaction, which Causes Resistance/Susceptibility to Marek’s Disease in Chicken

“…The BF ⁄ BL region in the B locus is characterized by strong effects on graft rejection, mixed lymphocyte reaction and graft-versus-host reaction [2][3][4], including susceptibility or resistance to virally induced tumours [5,6]. Chickens with the MHC haplotype B 21 are highly resistant to Marek's disease (MD), whereas chickens with the MHC haplotype B 19 are highly susceptible [7][8][9][10][11].…”