“…As the prevailing modern organization theory, the contingency approach has enjoyed various positive evaluations, including its 1) conceptual framework for the systematic study of the organizational component, 2) bridging function between theory and practice, 3) basis for introducing changes, 4) wild applicability and 5) primary attention on problem-solving (Kast & Rosenzweig, 1972;Scott & Mitchell, 1972). It, of course, also has limitations such as 1) complexity caused by too many variables, 2) paucity of content flooded with situational theories, 3) difficulty for empirical testing through concrete research, and 4) failure to deal with proactive strategy due to its reactive nature (Scott & Mitchell, 1972;Mealiea & Lee, 1979;Lorsch, 1979;Wooton, 1977).…”