The Mitochondrion and Plant Programmed Cell Death

Diamond, Mark; McCabe, Paul F.

doi:10.1002/9780470986592.ch10

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Within animal systems, mitochondria appear to undergo one of two physiological changes leading to the release of internal membrane space (IMS) proteins, allowing for the membrane permeability transition (MPT), inevitably aiding in PCD signaling. One hypothesized strategy involves the permeability transition pore (PTP), a multi-protein complex consisting of the voltage dependent ion channel (VDAC), the AdNT, and cyclophilin D (CyD) [ 15 ]. The formation of the PTP can be initiated by a number of factors including, but not limited to: cell injury [ 16 - 18 ], oxidative stress [ 15 , 16 ], the accumulation of Calcium (Ca 2+ ) in the cytosol or mitochondrial matrix [ 13 , 19 ], increases in ATP, ROS, and phosphate, as well changes in pH [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do mitochondria play a role in remodelling lace plant leaves during programmed cell death?

et al. 2011

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BackgroundProgrammed cell death (PCD) is the regulated death of cells within an organism. The lace plant (Aponogeton madagascariensis) produces perforations in its leaves through PCD. The leaves of the plant consist of a latticework of longitudinal and transverse veins enclosing areoles. PCD occurs in the cells at the center of these areoles and progresses outwards, stopping approximately five cells from the vasculature. The role of mitochondria during PCD has been recognized in animals; however, it has been less studied during PCD in plants.ResultsThe following paper elucidates the role of mitochondrial dynamics during developmentally regulated PCD in vivo in A. madagascariensis. A single areole within a window stage leaf (PCD is occurring) was divided into three areas based on the progression of PCD; cells that will not undergo PCD (NPCD), cells in early stages of PCD (EPCD), and cells in late stages of PCD (LPCD). Window stage leaves were stained with the mitochondrial dye MitoTracker Red CMXRos and examined. Mitochondrial dynamics were delineated into four categories (M1-M4) based on characteristics including distribution, motility, and membrane potential (ΔΨm). A TUNEL assay showed fragmented nDNA in a gradient over these mitochondrial stages. Chloroplasts and transvacuolar strands were also examined using live cell imaging. The possible importance of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) formation during PCD was indirectly examined via in vivo cyclosporine A (CsA) treatment. This treatment resulted in lace plant leaves with a significantly lower number of perforations compared to controls, and that displayed mitochondrial dynamics similar to that of non-PCD cells.ConclusionsResults depicted mitochondrial dynamics in vivo as PCD progresses within the lace plant, and highlight the correlation of this organelle with other organelles during developmental PCD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of mitochondria and chloroplasts moving on transvacuolar strands to form a ring structure surrounding the nucleus during developmental PCD. Also, for the first time, we have shown the feasibility for the use of CsA in a whole plant system. Overall, our findings implicate the mitochondria as playing a critical and early role in developmentally regulated PCD in the lace plant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do mitochondria play a role in remodelling lace plant leaves during programmed cell death?

et al. 2011

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“…Mitochondria are important sources of ROS, which are thought to act as signals during plant PCD regulation (Diamond and McCabe, 2007). As chloroplasts are also important sources of ROS in plant cells (Foyer and Noctor, 2003), chloroplasts may also regulate PCD in plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have shown that mitochondria are important regulators of animal apoptosis (reviewed by Desagher and Martinou, 2000 ) and plant PCD (reviewed by Diamond and McCabe, 2007 ). Mitochondria are important sources of ROS, which are thought to act as signals during plant PCD regulation ( Diamond and McCabe, 2007 ). As chloroplasts are also important sources of ROS in plant cells ( Foyer and Noctor, 2003 ), chloroplasts may also regulate PCD in plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloroplast and reactive oxygen species involvement in apoptotic-like programmed cell death in Arabidopsis suspension cultures

Doyle

Diamond

McCabe

2009

Journal of Experimental Botany

133

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Chloroplasts produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) during cellular stress. ROS are known to act as regulators of programmed cell death (PCD) in plant and animal cells, so it is possible that chloroplasts have a role in regulating PCD in green tissue. Arabidopsis thaliana cell suspension cultures are model systems in which to test this, as here it is shown that their cells contain well-developed, functional chloroplasts when grown in the light, but not when grown in the dark. Heat treatment at 55 °C induced apoptotic-like (AL)-PCD in the cultures, but light-grown cultures responded with significantly less AL-PCD than dark-grown cultures. Chloroplast-free light-grown cultures were established using norflurazon, spectinomycin, and lincomycin and these cultures responded to heat treatment with increased AL-PCD, demonstrating that chloroplasts affect AL-PCD induction in light-grown cultures. Antioxidant treatment of light-grown cultures also resulted in increased AL-PCD induction, suggesting that chloroplast-produced ROS may be involved in AL-PCD regulation. Cycloheximide treatment of light-grown cultures prolonged cell viability and attenuated AL-PCD induction; however, this effect was less pronounced in dark-grown cultures, and did not occur in antioxidant-treated light-grown cultures. This suggests that a complex interplay between light, chloroplasts, ROS, and nuclear protein synthesis occurs during plant AL-PCD. The results of this study highlight the importance of taking into account the time-point at which cells are observed and whether the cells are light-grown and chloroplast-containing or not, for any study on plant AL-PCD, as it appears that chloroplasts can play a significant role in AL-PCD regulation.

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“…Finally, in the same work, At‐BI1 was also shown to interact with calmodulin 7 in planta . Therefore, even though the relationship between mitochondria and ER during plant PCD is still unclear (Diamond & McCabe 2007), BI1‐mediated protection against ER stress appears to be conserved in plants and it is likely to involve ER calcium fluxes.…”

Section: Er: Is Unfolded Protein Accumulation a Prerequisite For Pcd mentioning

confidence: 99%

Devil inside: does plant programmed cell death involve the endomembrane system?

Cacas

2010

Plant, Cell &Amp; Environment

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The Mitochondrion and Plant Programmed Cell Death

Cited by 24 publications

References 94 publications

Do mitochondria play a role in remodelling lace plant leaves during programmed cell death?

Do mitochondria play a role in remodelling lace plant leaves during programmed cell death?

Chloroplast and reactive oxygen species involvement in apoptotic-like programmed cell death in Arabidopsis suspension cultures

Devil inside: does plant programmed cell death involve the endomembrane system?

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