The Mitochondrion: An Integration Point of Cellular Metabolism and Signalling

Sweetlove, Lee J.; Fait, Aaron; Nunes‐Nesi, Adriano; Williams, Thomas Christopher Rhys; Fernie, Alisdair R.

doi:10.1080/07352680601147919

Cited by 98 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 309 publications

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“…After demonstrating that antisense succinate dehydrogenase lines had a decreased flux through the TCA cycle but elevated photosynthetic rates, as evidenced by feeding experiments, gas exchange measurements and GC-MS profiling, we concentrated our study on the stomatal function of the transformants. The link between mitochondrial metabolism and photosynthetic performance described here is by no means without precedence and has received much attention in the form of both reverse genetic and inhibitor studies (Padmasree et al, 2002;Fernie et al, 2004b;Plaxton and Podesta, 2006;Sweetlove et al, 2007). Evidence has accumulated that the operation of respiration can boost photosynthetic performance (Nunes-Nesi et al, 2005;Plaxton and Podesta, 2006;Tcherkez et al, 2009); however, the fact that the effects observed here were mediated by a modification in stomatal performance drove us to focus on this parameter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In contrast with the paucity of gene functional data concerning succinate dehydrogenase in plants, considerable information has been compiled concerning the majority of other steps of the TCA cycle (for review, see Sweetlove et al, 2007). With the exception of a handful of studies concerning root metabolism (Koyama et al, 2000;Ló pez-Bucio et al, 2000, 2003van der Merwe et al, 2009), the majority of studies have focused on leaf tissue, despite the fact that the role of the TCA cycle in the illuminated leaf remains somewhat contentious (Tcherkez et al, 2005;Nunes-Nesi et al, 2007a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antisense Inhibition of the Iron-Sulphur Subunit of Succinate Dehydrogenase Enhances Photosynthesis and Growth in Tomato via an Organic Acid–Mediated Effect on Stomatal Aperture

et al. 2011

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Transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants expressing a fragment of the Sl SDH2-2 gene encoding the iron sulfur subunit of the succinate dehydrogenase protein complex in the antisense orientation under the control of the 35S promoter exhibit an enhanced rate of photosynthesis. The rate of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was reduced in these transformants, and there were changes in the levels of metabolites associated with the TCA cycle. Furthermore, in comparison to wild-type plants, carbon dioxide assimilation was enhanced by up to 25% in the transgenic plants under ambient conditions, and mature plants were characterized by an increased biomass. Analysis of additional photosynthetic parameters revealed that the rate of transpiration and stomatal conductance were markedly elevated in the transgenic plants. The transformants displayed a strongly enhanced assimilation rate under both ambient and suboptimal environmental conditions, as well as an elevated maximal stomatal aperture. By contrast, when the Sl SDH2-2 gene was repressed by antisense RNA in a guard cell-specific manner, changes in neither stomatal aperture nor photosynthesis were observed. The data obtained are discussed in the context of the role of TCA cycle intermediates both generally with respect to photosynthetic metabolism and specifically with respect to their role in the regulation of stomatal aperture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antisense Inhibition of the Iron-Sulphur Subunit of Succinate Dehydrogenase Enhances Photosynthesis and Growth in Tomato via an Organic Acid–Mediated Effect on Stomatal Aperture

et al. 2011

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“…Studies on Osl2, a mitochondrial GABA transaminase in rice (Oryza sativa) (Ansari et al, 2005), suggested a switch in metabolism at the onset of senescence. Next to that, in plants as well as in animals, the GABA shunt is upregulated in times of high respiratory demand (Sweetlove et al, 2007;Fait et al, 2008). Furthermore, GABA induces senescence in sunflower (Helianthus annuus) by enhancing the synthesis of ethylene (Kathiresan et al, 1997).…”

Section: The Old5 Mutation Results In a Metabolite Profile Characterimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In nonplant species, ROS are mainly produced by mitochondria; however, during leaf senescence in plants, the main ROS source is the chloroplast (Quirino et al, 2000). That said, plant mitochondria produce considerable ROS during the hypersensitive response invoked by plant-pathogen interactions (Finkel and Holbrook, 2000) and under a variety of other cellular circumstances (Sweetlove et al, 2006(Sweetlove et al, , 2007. Increased tissue contents of ROS and exogenously applied causal agents of oxidative stress such as UV-B light and ozone (Miller et al, 1999;John et al, 2001) lead to premature expression of SAGs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TheArabidopsis onset of leaf death5Mutation of Quinolinate Synthase Affects Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Biosynthesis and Causes Early Ageing

et al. 2008

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Leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana is a strict, genetically controlled nutrient recovery program, which typically progresses in an age-dependent manner. Leaves of the Arabidopsis onset of leaf death5 (old5) mutant exhibit early developmental senescence. Here, we show that OLD5 encodes quinolinate synthase (QS), a key enzyme in the de novo synthesis of NAD. The Arabidopsis QS was previously shown to carry a Cys desulfurase domain that stimulates reconstitution of the oxygen-sensitive Fe-S cluster that is required for QS activity. The old5 lesion in this enzyme does not affect QS activity but it decreases its Cys desulfurase activity and thereby the long-term catalytic competence of the enzyme. The old5 mutation causes increased NAD steady state levels that coincide with increased activity of enzymes in the NAD salvage pathway. NAD plays a key role in cellular redox reactions, including those of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Broad-range metabolite profiling of the old5 mutant revealed that it contains higher levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and nitrogen-containing amino acids. The mutant displays a higher respiration rate concomitant with increased expression of oxidative stress markers. We postulate that the alteration in the oxidative state is integrated into the plant developmental program, causing early ageing of the mutant.

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“…Plant mitochondria are well suited to oxidize cytosolic pyruvate and NAD(P)H and integrate plastidial and cytosolic metabolism (Sweetlove et al, 2007). Upregulated subunits of complex 1 NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase and F 0 F 1 -ATP synthase subunits b, g, and d (20,25,30,and 35 DAP) indicate increased mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity.…”

Section: Agp-repressed Seeds Show Multiple Stress Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase-Deficient Pea Embryos Reveal Specific Transcriptional and Metabolic Changes of Carbon-Nitrogen Metabolism and Stress Responses

et al. 2008

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We present a comprehensive analysis of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP)-repressed pea (Pisum sativum) seeds using transcript and metabolite profiling to monitor the effects that reduced carbon flow into starch has on carbon-nitrogen metabolism and related pathways. Changed patterns of transcripts and metabolites suggest that AGP repression causes sugar accumulation and stimulates carbohydrate oxidation via glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and mitochondrial respiration. Enhanced provision of precursors such as acetyl-coenzyme A and organic acids apparently support other pathways and activate amino acid and storage protein biosynthesis as well as pathways fed by cytosolic acetyl-coenzyme A, such as cysteine biosynthesis and fatty acid elongation/metabolism. As a consequence, the resulting higher nitrogen (N) demand depletes transient N storage pools, specifically asparagine and arginine, and leads to N limitation. Moreover, increased sugar accumulation appears to stimulate cytokinin-mediated cell proliferation pathways. In addition, the deregulation of starch biosynthesis resulted in indirect changes, such as increased mitochondrial metabolism and osmotic stress. The combined effect of these changes is an enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species coupled with an up-regulation of energy-dissipating, reactive oxygen species protection, and defense genes. Transcriptional activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways and oxylipin synthesis indicates an additional activation of stress signaling pathways. AGP-repressed embryos contain higher levels of jasmonate derivatives; however, this increase is preferentially in nonactive forms. The results suggest that, although metabolic/osmotic alterations in iAGP pea seeds result in multiple stress responses, pea seeds have effective mechanisms to circumvent stress signaling under conditions in which excessive stress responses and/or cellular damage could prematurely initiate senescence or apoptosis.

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The Mitochondrion: An Integration Point of Cellular Metabolism and Signalling

Cited by 98 publications

References 309 publications

Antisense Inhibition of the Iron-Sulphur Subunit of Succinate Dehydrogenase Enhances Photosynthesis and Growth in Tomato via an Organic Acid–Mediated Effect on Stomatal Aperture

Antisense Inhibition of the Iron-Sulphur Subunit of Succinate Dehydrogenase Enhances Photosynthesis and Growth in Tomato via an Organic Acid–Mediated Effect on Stomatal Aperture

TheArabidopsis onset of leaf death5Mutation of Quinolinate Synthase Affects Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Biosynthesis and Causes Early Ageing

ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase-Deficient Pea Embryos Reveal Specific Transcriptional and Metabolic Changes of Carbon-Nitrogen Metabolism and Stress Responses

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