The mitochondrial genome of <i>Anopheles quadrimaculatus</i> species A: complete nucleotide sequence and gene organization

Mitchell, Sharon E.; Cockburn, Andrew; Seawright, J. A.

doi:10.1139/g93-141

Cited by 173 publications

(118 citation statements)

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“…As with other insect mtDNA studied to date (21)(22)(23)(24), the base composition of sequences in this study was strongly biased toward adenine and thymine, which comprised 72% of the total. The observed transition and transversion rates were comparable to those reported for other insect groups and the rate of transversions was significantly greater than that of transitions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

A phylogeny of cockroaches and related insects based on DNA sequence of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes.

Kambhampati

1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

157

110

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Cockroaches are among the most ancient winged insects, the earliest fossils dating back to about 400 million years. Several conflicting phylogenies for cockroach families, subfamilies, and genera have been proposed in the past. In addition, the relationship of Cryptocercidae to other cockroach families and the relationship between the cockroach, Cryptocercus punctulatus, and the termite, Mastotermes darwiniensis, have generated debate. In this paper, a phylogeny for cockroaches, mantids, and termites based on DNA sequence of the mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes is presented. The results indicated that cockroaches are a monophyletic group, whose sister group is Mantoidea. The inferred relationship among cockroach families was in agreement with the presently accepted phylogeny. However, there was only partial congruence at the subfamil and the generic levels. The phylogeny inferred here does not support a close relationship between C. punctulatus and M. darwiniensis. The apparent synapomorphies of these two species are likely a manifestation of convergent evolution because there are similarities in biology and habitat.Cockroaches (order: Dictyoptera; suborder: Blattaria) are among the oldest winged insects known, dating back to the Carboniferous (1). About 4000 species of cockroaches have been described (2). A number of conflicting classifications exist for cockroaches, the most widely accepted ofwhich is that of McKittrick (1), based on morphological characters. She considered the order Dictyoptera to include cockroaches, mantids, and termites, each with its own suborder. She divided the suborder Blattaria into two superfamilies, Blaberoidea and Blattoidea, and five families, Polyphagidae, Blattellidae, and Blaberidae (all Blaberoidea), and Blattidae and Cryptocercidae (both Blattoidea). Three other major cockroach classifications, based on morphological characters, have been published during the past four decades (3-5).In addition to the overall phylogenetic relationships among cockroaches, two other issues have generated debate. The first is the relationship of Cryptocercidae to other cockroach families. Cryptocercidae consists of one genus (Cryptocercus) and three species (6) and is generally considered a sister group of Blattidae (1). However, it was recently proposed that Cryptocercidae be merged with Polyphagidae (7). The second issue concerns the relationship among cockroaches, mantids, and termites. Three major schemes have been proposed: Blattaria and Mantoidea are sister groups and Isoptera is a sister group of the Blattaria-Mantoidea complex (8), cockroaches and termites belong to the order Blattodea and mantids are a sister group to that order (9), and all three groups belong to Dictyoptera (1, 10). Of particular interest is the presumed close phylogenetic relationship between Cryptocercus and the termite, Mastotermes darwiniensis. M. darwiniensis has been considered the most archaic living termite species and the "missing link" between cockroaches and termites (11). It is the sole living rep...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 52%

A phylogeny of cockroaches and related insects based on DNA sequence of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes.

Kambhampati

1995

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

157

110

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“…Four amino acids in the Cterminal part of COII are believed to play this role: His-161, , and His-204 of the bovine protein sequence (Millett et al 1983;Capaldi 1990). Interestingly, the same four residues are conserved in Collembola, a snail (Lecanidou et al 1994), several primates (Adkins and Honeycutt 1994), and all pterygote insects studied to date (Liu and Beckenbach 1992;Willis et al 1992;Beckenbach et al 1993;Mitchell et al 1993;Sperling et al , 1995. In bacterial COII (Iwata et al 1995), the same residues participate in the formation of the copper center.…”

Section: Functional Aspects Of Amino Acid Conservationmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Thaumanura had TTC (phenylalanine) in the corresponding position, but had a TAA terminator three codons upstream and another TAG terminator five codons downstream. In all these cases, however, the presence of a T, coupled with polyadenylation (Anderson et al 1981;Clayton 1984), might be enough to mark the termination of the gene as observed in the mitochondrial genome of other insects (Clary and Wolstenholme 1985;Liu and Beckenbach 1992;Crozier and Crozier 1993;Mitchell et al 1993) as well as in mammalian mitochondrial genes (Bibb et al 1981;Andersone et al 1982).…”

Section: Codon Usagementioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase II Gene in Collembola

et al. 1997

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Abstract. The sequence of the mitochondrial COII gene has been widely used to estimate phylogenetic relationships at different taxomonic levels across insects. We investigated the molecular evolution of the COII gene and its usefulness for reconstructing phylogenetic relationships within and among four collembolan families. The collembolan COII gene showed the lowest A + T content of all insects so far examined, confirming that the well-known A + T bias in insect mitochondrial genes tends to increase from the basal to apical orders. Fiftyseven percent of all nucleotide positions were variable and most of the third codon positions appeared free to vary. Values of genetic distance between congeneric species and between families were remarkably high; in some cases the latter were higher than divergence values between other orders of insects. The remarkably high divergence levels observed here provide evidence that collembolan taxa are quite old; divergence levels among collembolan families equaled or exceeded divergences among pterygote insect orders. Once the saturated thirdcodon positions (which violated stationarity of base frequencies) were removed, the COII sequences contained phylogenetic information, but the extent of that information was overestimated by parsimony methods relative to likelihood methods. In the phylogenetic analysis, consistent statistical support was obtained for the monophyly of all four genera examined, but relationships among genera/families were not well supported. Within the genus Orchesella, relationships were well resolved and agreed with allozyme data. Within the genus Isotomurus, although three pairs of populations were consistently identified, these appeared to have arisen in a burst of evolution from an earlier ancestor. Isotomurus italicus always appeared as basal and I. palustris appeared to harbor a cryptic species, corroborating allozyme data.

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“…For the P. sulpitia COI gene, no typical ATN initiator was found in its starting region or in its neighboring trnY sequences. As for the cox1 initiation codon in animals, significantly different cases have been reported, for example, tetranucleotides such as TTAG in Coreana raphaelis (Kim et al, 2006), ATAA in Drosophila yakuba (Clary & Wolstenholme, 1985) are used, while hexanucleotides such as TATTAG in Ostrinia nubilalis and Ostrinia furnicalis (Coates et al, 2005), TTTTAG in Bombyx mori (Yukuhiro et al, 2002), TATCTA in Penaeus monodon (Wilson et al, 2000), ATTTAA in Anopheles gambiae (Beard et al, 1993), Anopheles quadrimaculatus (Mitchell et al, 1993), and Ceratitis capitata (Spanos et al, 2000) are used. Generally, the trinucleotide TTG was assumed to be the cox1 start codon for some invertebrate taxa including insect species, such as Pyrocoelia rufa (Bae et al, 2004), Caligula boisdnvalii (Hong et al, 2008), and Acraea issoria .…”

Section: Protein-coding Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete mitochondrial genome of the Five-dot Sergeant <I>Parathyma sulpitia</I> (Nymphalidae: Limenitidinae) and its phylogenetic implications

Tian

Sun²,

Chen³

et al. 2013

Zoological Research

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Abstract:The complete mitochondrial genome of the Parathyma sulpitia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae) was determined. The entire mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecule was 15 268 bp in size. Its gene content and organization were the same as those of other lepidopteran species, except for the presence of the 121 bp long intergenic spacer between trnS1(AGN) and trnE. The 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) started with the typical ATN codon, with the exception of the cox1 gene that used CGA as its initial codon. In addition, all protein-coding genes terminated at the common stop codon TAA, except the nad4 gene which used a single T as its terminating codon. All 22 tRNA genes possessed the typical clover leaf secondary structure except for trnS1(AGN), which had a simple loop with the absence of the DHU stem. Excluding the A+T-rich region, the mtDNA genome of P. sulpitia harbored 11 intergenic spacers, the longest of which was 121 bp long with the highest A+T content (100%), located between trnS1(AGN) and trnE. As in other lepidopteran species, there was an 18-bp poly-T stretch at the 3'-end of the A+T-rich region, and there were a few short microsatellite-like repeat regions without conspicuous macro-repeats in the A+T-rich region. The phylogenetic analyses of the published complete mt genomes from nine Nymphalidae species were conducted using the concatenated sequences of 13 PCGs with maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. The results indicated that Limenitidinae was a sister to the Heliconiinae among the main Nymphalidae lineages in this study, strongly supporting the results of previous molecular data, while contradicting speculations based on morphological characters.

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The mitochondrial genome of Anopheles quadrimaculatus species A: complete nucleotide sequence and gene organization

Cited by 173 publications

References 0 publications

A phylogeny of cockroaches and related insects based on DNA sequence of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes.

A phylogeny of cockroaches and related insects based on DNA sequence of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA genes.

Evolution of the Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase II Gene in Collembola

Complete mitochondrial genome of the Five-dot Sergeant <I>Parathyma sulpitia</I> (Nymphalidae: Limenitidinae) and its phylogenetic implications

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