The missing piece of the concussion discussion: primary prevention of mild traumatic brain injury in student athletes

Morrissey, Susan; Dumire, Russell; Causer, Thomas; Colton, Andrea; Oberlander, Emma; Frye, David; Shepherd-Porada, Kosie; Frye, Linda

doi:10.21037/jeccm.2019.01.06

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…A total of 25 studies underwent full text screening, of which six were included in the review. [40,43,42,39,41,38] Results of the study selection are summarised in Figure 2. Two observational studies (total n=6792 male and female high school and university athletes) explored the relationship between neck strength and SRC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[38,39] Four experimental studies (total n=3953 predominantly male adolescent and adult athletes) investigated the effect of an exercise intervention which included neck exercises on incidence of (a) head and/or neck injuries, and/or (b) SRC. [42,43,41,40] ***insert Figure 2 here***…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 4 reports the evidence from three studies which explored the effectiveness of neck exercises incorporated into a multifaceted injury reduction exercise program on reducing the incidence of SRC. [40,42,43] All three studies demonstrated a clinical worthwhile effect with two studies reporting certain evidence. These studies also included the two cluster RCTs by Attwood et al [43] and Hislop et al [42].…”

Section: Effectiveness Of Neck Exercise Programs On Reducing the Inci...mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…A meta-analysis was not performed due to the heterogenous characteristics of the included studies in terms of study design (observational, [38,39] cohort, [40,41], cluster RCT [42,43]), sport,(rugby [42,43,41] and mixed sports [38][39][40]), age of athletes (adolescents [38,40,42] and adults [39,41,43]) as well as differences in injury definitions and intervention characteristics which would have resulted in spurious pooling of injury risk estimates. Data were explored qualitatively for the relationship between neck strength and sport-related head and neck injuries.…”

Section: Data Synthesis and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies also included the two cluster RCTs by Attwood et al [43] and Hislop et al [42]. The RR and IRR calculated for these two studies demonstrated a reduction in SRC for players who completed the intervention (RR=0.36, IRR=0.35) [40] and (RR=0.80, IRR=0.81) [42]. However, the clinical worthwhile effect of the intervention was deemed certain in adults [43] but uncertain in adolescents due to the upper level of the 95% CI being >0.91 [42] (Table 3).…”

Section: Effectiveness Of Neck Exercise Programs On Reducing the Inci...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Injury Reduction Programs for Reducing the Incidence of Sport-Related Head and Neck Injuries Including Concussion: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effectiveness Of Neck Exercise Programs On Reducing the Inci...mentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Data Synthesis and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effectiveness Of Neck Exercise Programs On Reducing the Inci...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Injury Reduction Programs for Reducing the Incidence of Sport-Related Head and Neck Injuries Including Concussion: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Where are We Headed? Evidence to Inform Future Football Heading Guidelines

et al. 2023

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Given the scientific and public concern regarding the short-, medium- and long-term consequences of heading on brain health, being proactive about developing and implementing guidelines that help reduce the burden (volume, impact magnitude and injury risk) of heading in young and beginner players appears justified. This narrative review explores the evidence underpinning strategies that could be incorporated into future heading guidelines to reduce heading burden in players across all levels of football. A four-step search strategy was utilised to identify all data-based papers related to heading in football. Eligibility criteria for inclusion were: (1) original data, (2) study population included football players, (3) outcome measures included one or more of the following: number of headers, measurement of head acceleration during heading, or head/brain injury incidence, and (4) published in English or English translation available. In total, 58 papers were included that outlined strategies based on (1) game or team development, (2) player skill development and (3) equipment. In particular, greater emphasis existed for small-sided games (particularly in young players) where fewer headers are observed when compared with the conventional 11 versus 11 game, as well as reducing headers from goal kicks and corners. Evidence also existed for developing a heading coaching framework that focusses on technical proficiency as well as neuromuscular neck exercises integrated into general injury reduction exercise programs, enforcement of rules related to deliberate head contact and using lower-pressure match and training balls. To mitigate potential risks of heading on brain health, a number of pragmatic strategies have been examined in scientific studies and may be considered as part of future heading guidelines.

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