The missing link: introducing travel medicine into the undergraduate medical curriculum: Table 1

Flaherty, Gerard; Yi, Christopher Thong Zi; Browne, Robert

doi:10.1093/jtm/taw038

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Barriers and facilitators identified were consistent with those reported by pharmacists across other disease areas [30,31,32,33], in travel health specifically [14], and even by pharmacists in Ontario prior to the legislative change expanding their scope in December 2016 [16], including lack of confidence in their knowledge and skills, concerns with integrating new services into existing workflow, patient awareness of new services, and a desire for acceptance of (or enhanced collaboration with) physicians and other health professionals. We hypothesize that the clinical knowledge barrier may be more pronounced for travel health than other clinical areas due to minimal training received by many health professionals in travel health in their professional degree [34]; however, it was outside of the scope of this study to evaluate this assumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake of Travel Health Services by Community Pharmacies and Patients Following Pharmacist Immunization Scope Expansion in Ontario, Canada

et al. 2019

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In December 2016, pharmacists in Ontario, Canada with authorization to administer injections saw an expansion in their scope from a restriction to the influenza vaccination only to now including an additional 13 vaccine-preventable diseases, largely those related to travel. It was uncertain whether this change in scope would see sufficient uptake, or translate to a corresponding expansion in other travel health service offerings from community pharmacies. In October/November 2017 a survey was conducted of all licensed community pharmacists in Ontario, followed by semi-structured interviews with 6 survey respondents in June 2018. A web-based survey of members of the public from a single region of the province was also conducted in September 2018 to assess uptake of expanded vaccination services. Broad variability in uptake of these services was noted, ranging from the dispensing of travel-related medications and vaccinations only through to vaccine administration and prescribing under medical directive; however, uptake was generally at the lower end of this spectrum. This was evidenced by 94% of pharmacists reporting administering fewer than 10 travel vaccinations per month, fewer than 10% of patients reporting receiving a travel vaccine administered by a pharmacist, and a maximum of 30 pharmacies (of nearly 6000 in the province) designated to provide yellow fever vaccinations. Fewer than 1 in 3 pharmacists reported performing some form of pre-travel consultation in their practice, often limited to low-risk cases only. Barriers and facilitators reported were similar for these services as they were for other non-dispensing services, including insufficient time to integrate the service into their workload, perceived lack of knowledge and confidence in travel health, and low patient awareness of these new services available to them through community pharmacies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake of Travel Health Services by Community Pharmacies and Patients Following Pharmacist Immunization Scope Expansion in Ontario, Canada

et al. 2019

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“…The case fatality rates under good case management should be below 1% for symptomatic dengue. Travel medicine providers caring for dengue patients need to be familiar with the clinical management through specialized training [95], and training in travel and tropical medicine needs to be increasingly incorporated into undergraduate curricula [96].…”

Section: Clinical Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Dengue in Travelers: Implications for Dengue Vaccination

Wilder‐Smith

2018

Curr Infect Dis Rep

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Purpose of Review Dengue is found in tropics and subtropics that are considered to be popular travel destinations. We set out to review the burden of dengue on international travelers. Recent Findings GeoSentinel, a global network of travel medicine providers, has seen an increasing trend of dengue in returning travelers over the past decades. In Southeast Asia, annual proportionate morbidity increased from 50 dengue cases per 1000 illreturned travelers in non-epidemic years to an average of 159 cases per 1000 travelers during epidemic years. Dengue is the leading cause of fever in returning travelers, having overtaken malaria for travelers to Southeast Asia. Most dengue seroconversion studies in travelers report an attack rate of around 5% depending on duration of travel and destination. Summary Dengue vaccination would be justified for travelers. The first licensed dengue vaccine CYD-TDV is only recommended in seropositive individuals. This review considers preventive measures including how best to use the first licensed dengue vaccine CYD-TDV.

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“…These barriers are exacerbated by the fact that expertise in travel medicine must typically be self-acquired by clinicians through learning activities such as continuing education courses and practical experience in providing travel consultations. To address this, calls to action have been made for greater availability of training opportunities as part of undergraduate health professional education [19], such as the elective special study module offered to medical students at the National University of Ireland Galway [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Travel Medicine Curricula across Canadian Pharmacy Programs and Alignment with Scope of Practice

2020

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Limited research exists on pharmacy students’ training in travel medicine, and how this aligns with scope of practice. This research aimed to detail travel medicine education across pharmacy programs in Canada and map this against the scope of practice for pharmacists in each university’s jurisdiction. A survey based on the International Society of Travel Medicine’s Body of Knowledge was developed and distributed to all Canadian undergraduate pharmacy schools to identify topic areas taught, teaching modalities utilized, and knowledge assessment performed. Educational data was collected and analyzed descriptively, and compared to pharmacists’ scope of practice in the province in which each university is located. Training provided to students varied significantly across universities and topic areas, with topics amenable to self-care (e.g., traveller’s diarrhea and insect bite prevention) or also encountered outside of the travel context (e.g., sexually transmitted infections) taught more regularly than travel-specific topics (e.g., dengue and altitude illness). No apparent relationship was observed between a program’s curriculum and their provincial scope of practice. For example, training in vaccine-preventable diseases did not necessarily align with scope related to vaccine administration. Alignment of education to current and future scope will best equip new practitioners to provide care to travelling patients.

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The missing link: introducing travel medicine into the undergraduate medical curriculum: Table 1

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Uptake of Travel Health Services by Community Pharmacies and Patients Following Pharmacist Immunization Scope Expansion in Ontario, Canada

Uptake of Travel Health Services by Community Pharmacies and Patients Following Pharmacist Immunization Scope Expansion in Ontario, Canada

Risk of Dengue in Travelers: Implications for Dengue Vaccination

Travel Medicine Curricula across Canadian Pharmacy Programs and Alignment with Scope of Practice

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