The mismatch negativity responses of individuals with tinnitus with normal extended high-frequency hearing—is it possible to use mismatch negativity in the evaluation of tinnitus?
“…Thus, hearing loss, one of the factors affecting listening effort, 2 was ruled out. However, although hearing thresholds (0.125‐20 kHz) did not differ between groups, tinnitus patients may have differences in the proximal and distal central auditory pathways 31,32 . Listening effort is also affected by central auditory processing skills 33,34 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…However, although hearing thresholds (0.125-20 kHz) did not differ between groups, tinnitus patients may have differences in the proximal and distal central auditory pathways. 31,32 Listening effort is also affected by central auditory processing skills. 33,34 Therefore, central auditory processing skills may explain the listening effort observed in tinnitus patients in the present study.…”
ObjectivePrevious behavioral studies on listening effort in tinnitus patients did not consider extended high‐frequency hearing thresholds and had conflicting results. This inconsistency may be related that listening effort is not evaluated by the central nervous system (CNS) and autonomic nervous system (ANS), which are directly related to tinnitus pathophysiology. This study matches hearing thresholds at all frequencies, including the extended high‐frequency and reduces hearing loss to objectively evaluate listening effort over the CNS and ANS simultaneously in tinnitus patients.Study DesignCase‐control study.SettingUniversity hospital.MethodsSixteen chronic tinnitus patients and 23 matched healthy controls having normal pure‐tone averages with symmetrical hearing thresholds were included. Subjects were evaluated with 0.125 to 20 kHz pure‐tone audiometry, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test (MoCA), Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), electroencephalography (EEG), and pupillometry.ResultsPupil dilation and EEG alpha band in the “coding” phase of the sentence presented in tinnitus patients was less than in the control group (p < .05). VAS score was higher in the tinnitus group (p < .01). Also, there was no statistically significant relationship between EEG and pupillometry components and THI or MoCA (p > .05).ConclusionThis study suggests that tinnitus patients may need to make an extra effort to listen. Also, pupillometry may not be sufficiently reliable to assess listening effort in ANS‐related pathologies. Considering the possible listening difficulties in tinnitus patients, reducing the listening difficulties, especially in noisy environments, can be added to the goals of tinnitus therapy protocols.
“…Thus, hearing loss, one of the factors affecting listening effort, 2 was ruled out. However, although hearing thresholds (0.125‐20 kHz) did not differ between groups, tinnitus patients may have differences in the proximal and distal central auditory pathways 31,32 . Listening effort is also affected by central auditory processing skills 33,34 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…However, although hearing thresholds (0.125-20 kHz) did not differ between groups, tinnitus patients may have differences in the proximal and distal central auditory pathways. 31,32 Listening effort is also affected by central auditory processing skills. 33,34 Therefore, central auditory processing skills may explain the listening effort observed in tinnitus patients in the present study.…”
ObjectivePrevious behavioral studies on listening effort in tinnitus patients did not consider extended high‐frequency hearing thresholds and had conflicting results. This inconsistency may be related that listening effort is not evaluated by the central nervous system (CNS) and autonomic nervous system (ANS), which are directly related to tinnitus pathophysiology. This study matches hearing thresholds at all frequencies, including the extended high‐frequency and reduces hearing loss to objectively evaluate listening effort over the CNS and ANS simultaneously in tinnitus patients.Study DesignCase‐control study.SettingUniversity hospital.MethodsSixteen chronic tinnitus patients and 23 matched healthy controls having normal pure‐tone averages with symmetrical hearing thresholds were included. Subjects were evaluated with 0.125 to 20 kHz pure‐tone audiometry, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test (MoCA), Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), electroencephalography (EEG), and pupillometry.ResultsPupil dilation and EEG alpha band in the “coding” phase of the sentence presented in tinnitus patients was less than in the control group (p < .05). VAS score was higher in the tinnitus group (p < .01). Also, there was no statistically significant relationship between EEG and pupillometry components and THI or MoCA (p > .05).ConclusionThis study suggests that tinnitus patients may need to make an extra effort to listen. Also, pupillometry may not be sufficiently reliable to assess listening effort in ANS‐related pathologies. Considering the possible listening difficulties in tinnitus patients, reducing the listening difficulties, especially in noisy environments, can be added to the goals of tinnitus therapy protocols.
“…In addition, both studies using the 7 ms gap duration and pure tone background stimuli [ 137 , 140 ] found that the amplitude and area under the curve of MMN for silent gap deviants in humans will reduce in the decompensated tinnitus group or tinnitus group compared with controls, which may result from the gap detection deficit in tinnitus. Another study using the 15 ms gap duration and pure tone background stimuli found decreased MMN amplitudes in the tinnitus group [ 141 ].…”
Tinnitus, a common disease in the clinic, is associated with persistent pain and high costs to society. Several aspects of tinnitus, such as the pathophysiology mechanism, effective treatment, objective detection, etc., have not been elucidated. Any change in the auditory pathway can lead to tinnitus. At present, there is no clear and unified mechanism to explain tinnitus, and the hypotheses regarding its mechanism include auditory plasticity theory, cortical reorganization theory, dorsal cochlear nucleus hypothesis, etc. Current theories on the mechanism of tinnitus mainly focus on the abnormal activity of the central nervous system. Unfortunately, there is currently a lack of objective diagnostic methods for tinnitus. Developing a method that can detect tinnitus objectively is crucial, only in this way can we identify whether the patient really suffers from tinnitus in the case of cognitive impairment or medical disputes and the therapeutic effect of tinnitus. Electrophysiological investigations have prompted the development of an objective detection of tinnitus by potentials recorded in the auditory pathway. However, there is no objective indicator with sufficient sensitivity and specificity to diagnose tinnitus at present. Based on recent findings of studies with various methods, possible electrophysiological approaches to detect the presence of tinnitus have been summarized. We analyze the change of neural activity throughout the auditory pathway in tinnitus subjects and in patients with tinnitus of varying severity to find available parameters in these methods, which is helpful to further explore the feasibility of using electrophysiological methods for the objective detection of tinnitus.
“…Kronik tinnitus, beyindeki hem işitsel hem de limbik yapılarda değişikliklere neden olmaktadır. [6][7][8] Bu değişimler sonucunda tinnituslu hastaların günlük yaşam aktiviteleri önemli derecede etkilenebilir. Özellikle limbik yapılardaki değişiklikler ile ilişkili olarak bu grubun yüksek psikiyatrik komorbidite oranlarına sahip olduğu bildirilmiştir.…”
Tinnitus, dışarıdan bir ses kaynağı olmaksızın kulakta veya beyinde ses algılanması durumudur ve işitme sisteminde karşılaşılan en yaygın semptomlardan birisidir. 1 Tinnitus prevalansı yaşla birlikte artar, yaşamın 7. dekadında bir zirveye ulaşır ancak muhtemelen zarar verici rekreasyonel gürültüye maruz kalmanın artması nedeniyle genç yaş grupları arasında geçmiş dönemlere göre prevalans yüksektir. 2 Etiyolojisine yönelik birçok faktör tanımlanmaktadır ancak tinnitus şiddeti ile ilişkili nedenler daha kısıtlı olarak bilinmektedir. Tinnitus şiddeti, hastaların tinnitus rahatsızlıklarının düzeyi olarak tanımlanmakta-
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