The minor cannabinoid cannabigerol (CBG) is a highly specific blood biomarker of recent cannabis smoking

Rague, John Michael; Ma, Ming; Dooley, Gregory P.; Wang, George Sam; Friedman, Kyle; Henthorn, Thomas K.; Brooks‐Russell, Ashley; Kosnett, Michael J.

doi:10.1080/15563650.2023.2173076

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…Recently, CBG has also become an interesting object for forensic analysis researchers. The reports [ 15 – 18 ] show that it may be treated as a highly specific, though insensitive, bio-marker of recent cannabis smoking. Because Δ 9 -THC can persist in the blood after the psychoactive effects of intoxication have subsided, especially in regular users, short-lived minor cannabinoids such as CBG have merited investigation as additional indicators of recent cannabis inhalation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabigerol (CBG) signal enhancement in its analysis by gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry

Dawidowicz,

Typek,

Dybowski

et al. 2023

Forensic Toxicol

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Purpose According to recent reports, cannabigerol (CBG) concentration level in blood and body fluids may have forensic utility as a highly specific albeit insensitive biomarker of recent cannabis smoking. While the analytical sensitivity of cannabidiol (CBD), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabichromene (CBC) or cannabinol (CBN) estimation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is similar and sufficiently high, it is exceptionally low in the case of CBG (ca. 25 times lower than for the other mentioned cannabinoids). The purpose of this study is to explain the reasons for the extremely low analytical sensitivity of GC–MS in estimating CBG and to present possible ways of its improvement. Methods Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data and GC–MS responses to CBG and its various derivatization and transformation products were studied. Results The validation data of individual derivatives of CBG and its transformation products were established. CBG silylation/acylation or hydration allows to decrease LOD about 3 times, whereas the formation of pyranic CBG derivative leads to 10-times decrease of LOD. The paper enriches the literature of the subject by providing MS and NMR spectra, not published so far, for derivatives of CBG and its transformation products. The most likely cause of low GC–MS response to CBG is also presented. Conclusions The presented results shows that although the signal increase of CBG can be obtained through its derivatization by silylation and/or acylation, the greatest increase is observed in the case of its cyclization to the pyranic CBG form during the sample preparation process. The CBG cyclization procedure is very simple and workable in estimating this cannabinoid in blood/plasma samples. Graphical abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%