The minimum dietary requirement of vitamin C in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fry using Ca ascorbate-2-monophosphate as dietary source

Sandnes, Kjartan; Torrissen, Ole; Waagbø, Rune

doi:10.1007/bf00004480

Cited by 72 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The minimum dietary requirement of AA in Atlantic salmon, using AP as vitamin C source, was determined to be in the range of 10-20 mg AA equivalents/kg feed (Sandnes et al 1992). Growth and mortality were not negatively affected by the high dietary levels fed during 6 months in the present experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…At lower supplementations of vitamin C in the feed, the status of the fish can be evaluated by the liver AA concentration (Hilton et al 1977;Sandnes 1982;Sandnes et al 1992). The relatively narrow range in the steady state liver AA status found in the present study shows that liver AA does not reflect dietary intake linearly when fed very high levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…During this period liver AA gradually increased to 21 ag/g, which is the initial AA status in the present experiment (Sandnes et al 1992 [ ab a -r-1 _L plementations were reflected in the liver AA storage during the first 10 weeks (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The feed composition was given by Sandnes et al (1992). The fish were fed according to standard feeding tables for Atlantic salmon (Austreng et al 1987) corrected for biomass and water temperature during the trial which lasted 6 months prior to a final bacterial challenge experiment.…”

Section: Fish Feeds and Experimental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phosphate derivatives of ascorbic acid have been found to be bioactive as a source of vitamin C in salmonids Sandnes and Waagbo 1991;Sandnes et al 1992) and the minimum dietary requirement for growth in Atlantic salmon has been estimated to 10-20 mg AA equivalents per kg of feed, using ascorbate-2-monophosphate (AP) as vitamin C source (Sandnes et al 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary vitamin C, immunity and disease resistance in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Waagbø

Glette

Raa-Nilsen

et al. 1993

Fish Physiol Biochem

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Presmolt Atlantic salmon were fed a fish meal based experimental diet supplemented with graded levels of ascorbate-2-monophosphate (AP), equivalent to 40, 400, 2000 and 4000 mg ascorbic acid (AA)/kg for 6 months prior to a bacterial challenge experiment. The liver AA concentration reflected the dietary intake of AP, but not linearly. Growth, hematology and acid phosphatase activity in zymosan stimulated macrophages were not affected by dietary AP. Serum hemolytic complement activity was higher in fish fed the highest AP level, but the variation was not significant. Production of specific antibodies was significantly higher in fish fed the highest AP level 11 and 17 weeks after vaccination. Bacterial challenge with Aeromonas salmonicida showed increased survival in the 4000 AP group. Lysozyme activity in headkidney and serum complement activity and serum iron in fish surviving the challenge were higher in the 4000 AP group, indicating important roles of vitamin C on lysozyme, complement and iron in non-specific disease resistance. The results indicate that high dietary levels of AP favourably affect health in Atlantic salmon. Disease resistance was, however, not correlated with the AA status in the liver.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Fish Feeds and Experimental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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