The Minimal Nutritional Requirements of Some Species in the Genus Bacillus

Proom, H.; Knight, B. C. J. G.

doi:10.1099/00221287-13-3-474

Cited by 49 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…More recently, in an extensive study of the genus Bacillus, Knight & Proom (1950) and Proom & Knight (1955) showed that the requirements for vitamins and amino acids M. ROGFOSA, J. G. FRANKLIN AND K. D. PERRY were closely correlated with other species characteristics. Rogosa, Tittsler & Geib (1947) found a very high correlation of vitamin requirements with cultural and biochemical characteristics within the genus Lactobacillus.…”

Section: Differentiated Members Of the Genusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of the Vitamin Requirements with Cultural and Biochemical Characters of Lactobacillus spp.

Rogosa

Franklin

Perry

1961

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYImproved media are described for the study of the vitamin requirements of a wide range of Lactobacillus spp., some of which had not previously been grown consistently well. In general, the nutritional data are. consistent within species and corrclate well with the other differentiating characteristics of species. Also, the nutritional requirements were in agreement with results obtained with several species some years ago. Improved or abundant growth, not achieved in previous studies with several other species, resulted from the use of the more nearly optimal media developed in the present study. The growth of L. bulgaricus was prevented or inhibited by folk acid at 10 pg./l.

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Section: Differentiated Members Of the Genusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of the Vitamin Requirements with Cultural and Biochemical Characters of Lactobacillus spp.

Rogosa

Franklin

Perry

1961

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…A comparative survey of the nutrition of mesophilic Bacillus species (13,20) established the following as characteristic nutritional patterns for B. brevis: growth in the absence of vitamins but a requirement for mixtures of amino acids. Since then, only a few reports on the nutritional requirements of Bacillus species have been published (1,27).…”

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confidence: 99%

Nutrition of Bacillus brevis ATCC 9999, the Producer of Gramicidin S

Vandamme

Demain

1976

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The nutrition of the gramicidin S (GS) producer Bacillus brevis ATCC 9999 was studied with respect to growth and antibiotic production. In a complex medium containing yeast extract and peptone, only glycerol, 1)-fructose, and meso-inositol contributed to growth, whereas other hexoses, pentoses, polyols, polysaccharides, and organic acids were inactive. Glycerol and fructose were inhibitory to GS formation; inositol had no effect. In chemically defined media containing a mixture of five amino acids (glutamine, methionine, proline, arginine, and histidine) necessary for good growth, again only glycerol, ]-fructose, and meso-inositol served as effective carbon sources for growth. With respect to antibiotic formation, inositol was much poorer than glycerol or fructose. In the presence of glycerol and the five amino acids, addition of 0.1% Lphenylalanine specifically stimulated GS production. Growth kinetics in this defined medium showed two phases: early and rapid growth at the expense ofthe amino acid mixture, followed by glycerol utilization after a diauxic lag of 2 to 3 h; inositol utilization suffered a much longer lag period. GS formation was initiated after the diauxic lag. Ammonium sulfate was the best individual nitrogen source, but the combination of the five growth-stimulatory amino acids was more potent for GS production. The level of potassium phosphate influenced GS production. High levels stimulated the growth rate but progressively inhibited GS production. Methionine was the best sulfur source. A defined medium (F3/6) that supported rapid exponential growth (, = 0.53 h-') followed by progressively slower growth over a 30-to 40-h period was devised containing fructose, six amino acids, and mineral salts. GS formation was initiated as the cells left the exponential growth phase and reached high levels (1,500 mg of GS per liter; 0.19 mg of GS/mg of dry cell weight) after 40 to 50 h of incubation.The biosynthesis of the cyclic decapeptide antibiotic gramicidin S (GS) by certain strains of Bacillus brevis has been the subject of extensive research in the last decade (15,16,18). These studies have led to the discovery of a nonribosomal process for peptide biosynthesis. GS, which consists of two identical pentapeptides (DPhe-LPro-LVal-LOrn-LLeu), is synthesized by two enzymes in the presence of adenosine 5'-triphosphate and Mg2+. Synthetase II (molecular weight, 100,000) activates and racemizes L-phenylalanine, whereas synthetase I (molecular weight, 280,000) activates L-proline, L-valine, L-ornithine, and ileucine. In sequence, each amino acid is translocated from its I Contribution no.

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“…Preliminary experiments showed that in spite of heavy growth Bacillus cereus ~2 produced very little cereolysin (< 100 haemolysin unitslml.) when growing in chemically defined media, either the 16 amino acid medium of Proom & Knight (1955) or medium 687 of Puziss & Wright (1954). The same was true of a broth diffusate medium.…”

Section: A W Bernheimer a N D P Grushoffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cereolysin: Production, Purification and Partial Characterization

Bernheimer

Grushoff

1967

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARYA method is described for production of the extracellular haemolytic growth-product of Bacillus cereus. The lytic substance, called ' cereolysin ', can be purified by fractional precipitation with ammonium sulphate, densitygradient electrophoresis and gel filtration. The purified material is a labile protein of molecular weight about 52,000. It has a very high order of haemolytic activity, is lethal for mice, and resembles streptolysin 0 in being inhibited by cholesterol, but differs from streptolysin 0 in other respects.

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The Minimal Nutritional Requirements of Some Species in the Genus Bacillus

Cited by 49 publications

References 3 publications

Correlation of the Vitamin Requirements with Cultural and Biochemical Characters of Lactobacillus spp.

Correlation of the Vitamin Requirements with Cultural and Biochemical Characters of Lactobacillus spp.

Nutrition of Bacillus brevis ATCC 9999, the Producer of Gramicidin S

Cereolysin: Production, Purification and Partial Characterization

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