The miniature pig: a useful large animal model for dental and orofacial research

Wang, S; Liu, Y; Fang, Dianji; Shi, Songtao

doi:10.1111/j.1601-0825.2006.01337.x

Cited by 267 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In previous reports, the number and denomination of the deciduous molars, premolars, and molars have been controversial, which has caused confusion in conducting research using miniature pig teeth (Wang et al, 2007). One possible reason for these discrepancies is the existence of the first premolar (P1), located posterior to the canine (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postnatal Mandibular Cheek Tooth Development in the Miniature Pig Based on Two‐Dimensional and Three‐Dimensional X‐Ray Analyses

Ide

Nakahara

Nasu

et al. 2013

The Anatomical Record

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The miniature pig is a useful large laboratory animal model. Various tissues and organs of miniature pigs are similar to those of humans in terms of developmental, anatomical, immunological, and physiological characteristics. The oral and maxillofacial region of miniature pigs is often used in preclinical studies of regenerative dentistry. However, there is limited information on the dentition and tooth structure of miniature pigs. The purpose of this study was to examine the time-course changes of dentition and tooth structure (especially the root) of the miniature pig mandibular cheek teeth through X-ray analyses using soft X-ray for twodimensional observations and micro-CT for three-dimensional observations. The mandibles of male Clawn strain miniature pigs (2 weeks and 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 14, 17, and 29 months of age) were used. X-ray analysis of the dentition of miniature pig cheek teeth showed that the eruption pattern of the miniature pig is diphyodont and that the replacement pattern is vertical. Previous definitions of deciduous and permanent teeth often varied and there has been no consensus on the number of teeth (dentition); however, we found that three molars are present in the deciduous dentition and that four premolars and three molars are present in the permanent dentition. Furthermore, we confirmed the number of tooth roots and root canals. We believe that these findings will be highly useful in future studies using miniature pig teeth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postnatal Mandibular Cheek Tooth Development in the Miniature Pig Based on Two‐Dimensional and Three‐Dimensional X‐Ray Analyses

Ide

Nakahara

Nasu

et al. 2013

The Anatomical Record

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“…However, previous studies have shown interferences between tooth development and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), bone sialoproteins, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin involved in a wide range of signalling functions mediating tissue interactions during development [3]. Comparing to small animal models such as rodents, large animal models are more attractive for the analysis of the relationships between physiological factors influencing odontogenesis process and tooth properties in many aspects [33]. Considering numerous anatomical and physiological similarities of the masticatory system such as heterodonty, difiodonty and bunodonty in humans and domestic pigs, one might easily conclude that results from studies of physiological factors influencing tooth development in pigs may be interpolated to humans.…”

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confidence: 99%

Interrelationships between Tooth Properties and Biochemical Bone Turnover Markers Investigated on Six-Month-Old Pig Model

Tymczyna

Tatara

Krupski

et al. 2013

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The aim of the study was to determine interrelationships between bone tissue metabolism indices and morphological, biomechanical and densitometric properties of hard dental tissues. First primary maxillary incisor from 6-month-old pigs (N=27) was evaluated in terms of weight and length. Mean volumetric tooth mineral density, total tooth volume, enamel total volume, enamel volumetric mineral density, dentine total volume and dentine volumetric mineral density were estimated with the use of quantitative computed tomography and micro computed tomography techniques. Tooth mineral density and tooth mineral content were evaluated with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Microhardness of enamel was measured using Vicker's test. Evaluations of total calcium, ionized calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, bone alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide of type-I collagen (CTX), insulin-like growth factor-1, growth hormone and parathyroid hormone were performed in plasma and serum samples. Pearson's correlation coefficients were determined between all the investigated variables, and P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The obtained results have shown mainly mutual dependences between biochemical indicators of bone metabolism. Evaluation of CTX concentration in serum of pigs has shown the highest predictive value in relation to morphological, densitometric and biomechanical properties of teeth. KEY WORDS: bone turnover marker, densitometry, quantitative computed tomography, swine, tooth.

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“…The pig has a masticatory apparatus comparable to the human (Herring, 1976;Ström et al, 1986;Wang et al, 2007) and has been used before in mandibular growth and repair studies (Ochareon and Herring, 2007;Sun et al, 2007). All procedures involving live animals were approved by the Ohio State University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Variations Related to the Regional Differences in Periosteal Growth at the Mandibular Ramus

Sun

Tee

2010

The Anatomical Record

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Periosteal growth at human mandibular ramus is characterized by bone apposition at the posterior border and resorption at the anterior border. Molecular control of this regional variation is unclear. This study examined the expression of several molecules involved in bone apposition/ resorption at these regions in vivo and in vitro. By using growing pigs as a model, the periosteal growth was assessed at the mandibular ramus by vital staining and histological observations. In parallel, periosteal tissues were harvested and pulverized for RNA and protein extraction. Periosteal cells were also isolated, expanded in osteogenic media, and subjected to a single dose of dynamic tensile strain (0, 5, or 10% magnitude at 0.5 Hz) to examine their responses to mechanical loading. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analyses were used to examine mRNA and protein expression from periosteal tissues and cultured cells. Histological observation confirmed an anterior-resorption/posterior-apposition pattern in the pig mandibular ramus. Both in vivo tissue and in vitro cells demonstrated greater mRNA expression of receptor activator of NF-jB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) at the anterior region, while OPG expression at the anterior region was lower than the posterior region. In response to the application of a single dose of dynamic tensile strain, cultured periosteal cells appeared to change the expression profile of osteogenic markers but not that of RANKL/OPG and BMP2. These findings suggest that the unique regional variation of periosteal activity at the mandibular ramus is regulated by a differential expression of RANKL/OPG ratio (likely through differential induction of OPG) and BMP2. Anat Rec, 294:79-87, 2011. V V C 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: periosteum; mandibular growth; RANKL/OPG; tissue engineering; cell loadingHuman mandibular growth is mainly through endochondral bone formation at the condyles and intramembranous bone formation at the periosteum (Enlow and Hans, 1996). While condylar growth provides the overall elongation and rotation of the mandible (Bjork and Skieller, 1983), periosteal activity causes extensive surface modeling/remodeling or reshaping of the mandible (Enlow and Hans, 1996). One striking feature of mandibular periosteal activity is at the ramus, where bone resorption takes place at the anterior (rostral) border whereas bone apposition at the posterior (caudal) border (Robinson and Sarnat, 1955;Seiton and Engel, 1969;Hans et al., 1995). At the cell level, osteogenic proliferation is concentrated at the appositional posterior ramal region, whereas osteoclasts are mainly present at the resorptive anterior region (Ochareon and Herring, 2007). However, the molecular mechanisms related to these differential periosteal activities are mostly unknown.

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The miniature pig: a useful large animal model for dental and orofacial research

Cited by 267 publications

References 37 publications

Postnatal Mandibular Cheek Tooth Development in the Miniature Pig Based on Two‐Dimensional and Three‐Dimensional X‐Ray Analyses

Postnatal Mandibular Cheek Tooth Development in the Miniature Pig Based on Two‐Dimensional and Three‐Dimensional X‐Ray Analyses

Interrelationships between Tooth Properties and Biochemical Bone Turnover Markers Investigated on Six-Month-Old Pig Model

Molecular Variations Related to the Regional Differences in Periosteal Growth at the Mandibular Ramus

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