The mini player with diverse functions: extracellular vesicles in cell biology, disease, and therapeutics

Thakur, Abhimanyu; Ke, Xiaoshan; Chen, Yawen; Motallebnejad, Pedram; Zhang, Kui; Lian, Qizhou; Chen, Huanhuan Joyce

doi:10.1007/s13238-021-00863-6

Cited by 68 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 253 publications

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“…Most recently, GMP-grade MSCs derived from human induced PSCs have been used in refractory graft-vs.-host-disease (GVHD) in clinical trials ( Bloor et al, 2020 ). Exosomes produced from PSC-MSCs may provide another putative therapeutic tool to overcome many limitations of adult MSC-Exos or EVs ( Thakur et al, 2021 ). Future work should focus on establishing international standards in quantifying the quality and consistency of MSC-Exo therapies.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosome Therapy of Microbial Diseases: From Bench to Bed

Wu¹,

Jin²,

Ding³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Microbial diseases are a global health threat, leading to tremendous casualties and economic losses. The strategy to treat microbial diseases falls into two broad categories: pathogen-directed therapy (PDT) and host-directed therapy (HDT). As the typical PDT, antibiotics or antiviral drugs directly attack bacteria or viruses through discerning specific molecules. However, drug abuse could result in antimicrobial resistance and increase infectious disease morbidity. Recently, the exosome therapy, as a HDT, has attracted extensive attentions for its potential in limiting infectious complications and targeted drug delivery. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) are the most broadly investigated. In this review, we mainly focus on the development and recent advances of the application of MSC-Exos on microbial diseases. The review starts with the difficulties and current strategies in antimicrobial treatments, followed by a comprehensive overview of exosomes in aspect of isolation, identification, contents, and applications. Then, the underlying mechanisms of the MSC-Exo therapy in microbial diseases are discussed in depth, mainly including immunomodulation, repression of excessive inflammation, and promotion of tissue regeneration. In addition, we highlight the latest progress in the clinical translation of the MSC-Exo therapy, by summarizing related clinical trials, routes of administration, and exosome modifications. This review will provide fundamental insights and future perspectives on MSC-Exo therapy in microbial diseases from bench to bedside.

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Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosome Therapy of Microbial Diseases: From Bench to Bed

Wu¹,

Jin²,

Ding³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Extracellular vesicles are suggested as a possible effective cell-free approach for treating aging and degenerative diseases [127]. As already mentioned, these vesicles carry proteins, lipids, DNA, RNA, and other components and are important intercellular mediators that regulate different cellular processes [32,33].…”

Section: Therapeutic Implications Of Msc Senescence Targetingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tumorigenic Aspects of MSC Senescence—Implication in Cancer Development and Therapy

Mojsilović

Jauković

Кукољ

et al. 2021

JPM

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As an organism ages, many physiological processes change, including the immune system. This process, called immunosenescence, characterized by abnormal activation and imbalance of innate and adaptive immunity, leads to a state of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, termed inflammaging. Aging and inflammaging are considered to be the root of many diseases of the elderly, as infections, autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases, degenerative diseases, and cancer. The role of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) in the inflammaging process and the age-related diseases is not completely established, although numerous features of aging MSCs, including altered immunomodulatory properties, impeded MSC niche supporting functions, and senescent MSC secretory repertoire are consistent with inflammaging development. Although senescence has its physiological function and can represent a mechanism of tumor prevention, in most cases it eventually transforms into a deleterious (para-)inflammatory process that promotes tumor growth. In this review we are going through current literature, trying to explore the role of senescent MSCs in making and/or sustaining a microenvironment permissive to tumor development and to analyze the therapeutic options that could target this process.

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“…The classification of extracellular vesicles is continually evolving but most schemes distinguish three major subtypes including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies [ 24 ]. Though overlap exists between these groups of extracellular vesicles, they are generally classified based on their size, content, biogenesis, and function.…”

Section: Extracellular Vesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Exosomes in Cardiac Fibroblast Activation and Fibrosis

Hohn

Tan

Carver

et al. 2021

Cells

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Alterations in the accumulation and composition of the extracellular matrix are part of the normal tissue repair process. During fibrosis, this process becomes dysregulated and excessive extracellular matrix alters the biomechanical properties and function of tissues involved. Historically fibrosis was thought to be progressive and irreversible; however, studies suggest that fibrosis is a dynamic process whose progression can be stopped and even reversed. This realization has led to an enhanced pursuit of therapeutic agents targeting fibrosis and extracellular matrix-producing cells. In many organs, fibroblasts are the primary cells that produce the extracellular matrix. In response to diverse mechanical and biochemical stimuli, these cells are activated or transdifferentiate into specialized cells termed myofibroblasts that have an enhanced capacity to produce extracellular matrix. It is clear that interactions between diverse cells of the heart are able to modulate fibroblast activation and fibrosis. Exosomes are a form of extracellular vesicle that play an important role in intercellular communication via the cargo that they deliver to target cells. While relatively recently discovered, exosomes have been demonstrated to play important positive and negative roles in the regulation of fibroblast activation and tissue fibrosis. These roles as well as efforts to engineer exosomes as therapeutic tools will be discussed.

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The mini player with diverse functions: extracellular vesicles in cell biology, disease, and therapeutics

Cited by 68 publications

References 253 publications

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosome Therapy of Microbial Diseases: From Bench to Bed

Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosome Therapy of Microbial Diseases: From Bench to Bed

Tumorigenic Aspects of MSC Senescence—Implication in Cancer Development and Therapy

Roles of Exosomes in Cardiac Fibroblast Activation and Fibrosis

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