The Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination: A New Assessment Tool for Dementia

Hsieh, Sharpley; McGrory, Sarah; Leslie, Felicity; Dawson, Kate; Ahmed, Samrah; Butler, Chris; Rowe, James B.; Mioshi, Eneida; Hodges, John R.

doi:10.1159/000366040

Cited by 234 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These results confirm the usefulness of these tests according to previous studies of validation of each individual instrument [6,7,8,9,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28]. However, interestingly, some tests achieved a greater diagnostic capacity than others.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The Mini-ACE includes 4 items from the ACE-III, and it can be administered either independently or calculated by extrapolation from the ACE-III. In fact, this test was derived from the ACE-III using a Mokken scaling analysis, and it includes some of the most sensitive items for the detection of dementia [22]. In contrast, the ACE-III includes other items that may be of interest in cognitive examination but are not sufficiently sensitive or specific in AD (for instance, single-word repetition or counting dots).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Items overlapping across the different cognitive tests (for instance, drawing a clock or specific questions regarding orientation) were only administered once. The following tests were carried out in their Spanish version: ACE-III [21,22,23], MIS [24], MMSE [25,26], MoCA [27], and RUDAS [28] (Table 1). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Diagnostic Accuracy of the ACE-III, MIS, MMSE, MoCA, and RUDAS for Screening of Alzheimer Disease

Matías‐Guiu

Valles‐Salgado²,

Rognoni³

et al. 2017

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background: Our aim was to evaluate and compare the diagnostic properties of 5 screening tests for the diagnosis of mild Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods: We conducted a prospective and cross-sectional study of 92 patients with mild AD and of 68 healthy controls from our Department of Neurology. The diagnostic properties of the following tests were compared: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III), Memory Impairment Screen (MIS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS). Results: All tests yielded high diagnostic accuracy, with the ACE-III achieving the best diagnostic properties. The area under the curve was 0.897 for the ACE-III, 0.889 for the RUDAS, 0.874 for the MMSE, 0.866 for the MIS, and 0.856 for the MoCA. The Mini-ACE score from the ACE-III showed the highest diagnostic capacity (area under the curve 0.939). Memory scores of the ACE-III and of the RUDAS showed a better diagnostic accuracy than those of the MMSE and of the MoCA. All tests, especially the ACE-III, conveyed a higher diagnostic accuracy in patients with full primary education than in the less educated group. Implementing normative data improved the diagnostic accuracy of the ACE-III but not that of the other tests. Conclusions: The ACE-III achieved the highest diagnostic accuracy. This better discrimination was more evident in the more educated group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparative Diagnostic Accuracy of the ACE-III, MIS, MMSE, MoCA, and RUDAS for Screening of Alzheimer Disease

Matías‐Guiu

Valles‐Salgado²,

Rognoni³

et al. 2017

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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“…Published cut-off scores for each ZBI version were used (see Table 1), 7,8 to minimise the risk of bias from defining optimal cut-off post hoc based on study data 11 For ease of comparison between the different ZBI versions, in this study we dichotomised the full (22-item) ZBI cut-off as 'high burden' with scores >40/88, and 'low burden' with scores ≤40/88. Patient assessment included semi-structured patient histor y enquiring about cognitive symptoms and functional performance, with administration of cognitive screening instruments routinely used in this clinic, namely the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) 12 and the Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (M-ACE), 13,14 on which lower scores indicate worse cognitive function.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zarit Burden Interview: pragmatic study in a dedicated cognitive function clinic

Stagg¹,

Larner²

2015

Prog. Neurol. Psychiatry

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Increased caregiver burden impacts adversely not only on caregivers, in terms of physical and psychological morbidity, but also on people with dementia, since it is associated with an increased likelihood of patient institutionalisation. Here, the authors examine effectiveness and ease of administration of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) tool in day‐to‐day clinical practice for identifying caregiver burden.

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“…The aim of the study presented here was to calculate limits of agreement for three brief CSIs in common clinical use, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) [13], the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) [14], and the Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) [15]. The calculated limits of agreement were contrasted with Pearson product moment correlation coefficients between test scores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation or Limits of Agreement? Applying the Bland-Altman Approach to the Comparison of Cognitive Screening Instruments

Larner

2016

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background/Aims: Calculation of correlation coefficients is often undertaken as a way of comparing different cognitive screening instruments (CSIs). However, test scores may correlate but not agree, and high correlation may mask lack of agreement between scores. The aim of this study was to use the methodology of Bland and Altman to calculate limits of agreement between the scores of selected CSIs and contrast the findings with Pearson's product moment correlation coefficients between the test scores of the same instruments. Methods: Datasets from three pragmatic diagnostic accuracy studies which examined the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) vs. the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the MMSE vs. the Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (M-ACE), and the M-ACE vs. the MoCA were analysed to calculate correlation coefficients and limits of agreement between test scores. Results: Although test scores were highly correlated (all >0.8), calculated limits of agreement were broad (all >10 points), and in one case, MMSE vs. M-ACE, was >15 points. Conclusion: Correlation is not agreement. Highly correlated test scores may conceal broad limits of agreement, consistent with the different emphases of different tests with respect to the cognitive domains examined. Routine incorporation of limits of agreement into diagnostic accuracy studies which compare different tests merits consideration, to enable clinicians to judge whether or not their agreement is close.

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The Mini-Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination: A New Assessment Tool for Dementia

Cited by 234 publications

References 30 publications

Comparative Diagnostic Accuracy of the ACE-III, MIS, MMSE, MoCA, and RUDAS for Screening of Alzheimer Disease

Comparative Diagnostic Accuracy of the ACE-III, MIS, MMSE, MoCA, and RUDAS for Screening of Alzheimer Disease

Zarit Burden Interview: pragmatic study in a dedicated cognitive function clinic

Correlation or Limits of Agreement? Applying the Bland-Altman Approach to the Comparison of Cognitive Screening Instruments

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