The mineralogy, geochemistry, and suitability for ceramic applications of Akharım (Afyonkarahisar, W Turkey) kaolinitic clay

Kuşcu, Mustafa; Yildiz, Ahmet

doi:10.1007/s12517-016-2525-4

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Clay minerals such as kaolin with Fe and Mg in its octahedral sites, contain less structural water; hence less energy will be required for dehydroxylation and less temperature for vitrification than usual. The lesser temperature is possible because Fe, Mg, Ca, Na and K oxides can act as fluxing agents [11,19,25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-Chemical, Mineralogical, and Chemical Characterisation of Cretaceous–Paleogene/Neogene Kaolins within Eastern Dahomey and Niger Delta Basins from Nigeria: Possible Industrial Applications

2020

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The demand for kaolinitic clays for various industrial applications is increasing globally. The present study evaluated the potential industrial applications of kaolins from the Eastern Dahomey and Niger Delta Basins, Nigeria. The colour, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), particle size distribution (PSD), plastic limits and liquid limits of the kaolins were determined. Mineralogical properties were assessed using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The chemical compositions of the kaolins were determined using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). The kaolins were generally acidic, with pH less than 7 with low EC. The moderate plasticity indices (PI ≥ 10%) for the kaolins suggested their potential use in the manufacturing of structural clay products without extrusion. Kaolinite was the only kaolin mineral present with anhedral–subhedral–euhedral crystals. The platy morphology of the kaolinites in the Cretaceous kaolins are very important in paper production. Other minerals present in the kaolins were quartz, muscovite, anatase and goethite. The major oxide contents of the kaolins were dominated by SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and TiO2. Based on chemical specifications, the raw kaolins are not suitable for most industrial applications except for the Cretaceous Lakiri kaolins in the paper and ceramic industries (except for TiO2 and K2O content). The study concluded that the kaolin deposits would require beneficiation for large-scale industrial applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-Chemical, Mineralogical, and Chemical Characterisation of Cretaceous–Paleogene/Neogene Kaolins within Eastern Dahomey and Niger Delta Basins from Nigeria: Possible Industrial Applications

2020

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“…It requires the research and development of quality raw materials resources, which are depleted day by day, the discovery of new raw material areas and the more efficient use of existing raw materilas resources. Additionally, the increasing need for raw materials suitable for producing this material [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Use of Kütahya Region Kaolin in Wall Tiles

Taşçı,

Algan,

Öztürk

et al. 2024

Eskişehir Technical University Journal of Science and Technology a - Applied Sciences and Engineering

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The main raw materials in the ceramic wall tiles are clay, kaolin, calcite, and feldspar. The technical properties of the tiles (water absorption, total shrinkage, dry firing strength, fracture strength) and the desired physical properties (L, a, b, surface smoothness) vary depending on the raw material content in the recipe. Rheological parameters are crucial in the formulation development stages to avoid production problems and to ensure the final desired product parameters. Density, viscosity, and sieve analysis have therefore been included in the developed formulations. The use of raw materials from the region close to the production facility facilitates easy access to these materials. Thanks to this advantage, the use of domestic raw materials is becoming more widespread. In addition to the use of alternative raw materials, it contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of this study, is to formulate a recipe for wall tiles using kaolins from the Kütahya region instead of clay from the Afyon region. Recipes containing 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% of Kütahya region kaolin, with a corresponding reduction in clay from the Afyon region, were developed and sintered at 1130-1150°C with a 29-minute firing cycle. By analyzing the technical properties of the developed formulations, it was found that a maximum of 2% of Kütahya region kaolin could be used in the wall tile formulation. It was found that exceeding this percentage was not feasible due to the associated increase in water absorption, expansion of product size, and decrease in dry strength.

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“…Kaolin has been one of the important industrial minerals and is frequently utilized in many aspects of our lives (Bundy, 1993). Kaolin, which comprises predominantly kaolinite, has unique properties such as crystalline morphology, natural whiteness, fine particle size, nonabrasiveness, low surface area, cation exchange capacity, softness, and chemical stability (Kuşcu and Yıldız, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

“…(Al 2 O 3 ), (SiO 2 ), and (TiO 2 +Fe 2 O 3 +MgO+CaO+Na 2 O+K 2 O) ternary diagram showing the main oxide content in the studied samples and some other kaolin deposits around the world. Romana kaolins fromLigas et al (1997); Sardinia clays fromStrazzera et al (1997); Abarkouh kaolin fromMahjoor et al (2009); Argentine kaolins fromCravero et al (1997); Akharım clays fromKuşcu and Yıldız (2016); İstanbul clays fromCelik (2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Geochemical and industrial properties of the Kejal kaolin deposit, NW Iran

Nouri¹,

Masoumi²

2020

Turkish J Earth Sci

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Introduction Kaolin has been one of the important industrial minerals and is frequently utilized in many aspects of our lives (Bundy, 1993). Kaolin, which comprises predominantly kaolinite, has unique properties such as crystalline morphology, natural whiteness, fine particle size, nonabrasiveness, low surface area, cation exchange capacity, softness, and chemical stability (Kuşcu and Yıldız, 2016). Kaolin deposits have been extracted and mined historically. Kaolin is used as a raw material in the ceramic, paper, paint, rubber, abrasive, and pharmaceutical industries (Murray, 1991; Manju, 2002). Kaolin quality changes from one deposit to another. In this regard, utilization potentials of a kaolin deposit depend on factors such as chemical composition (Al, Si, and iron oxide concentrations) and the color index. Kaolin deposits are found in primary (residual) and secondary (sedimentary) types (Prasad et al., 1991; Murray and Keller, 1993). The kaolin resources of Iran have a wide distribution throughout the country. Hydrothermal kaolin deposits are found at many points, such as the northwest and southeast of the Iranian plateau, while sedimentary kaolin deposits are seen in central Iran and associated with huge sedimentary basins. Hydrothermal alterations caused by Tertiary volcanic activities are observable in many parts of NW Iran (Figure 1). For example, the Tarom-Hashtjin alteration zone is considered as one of the most significant mineralized zones in Iran. This altered zone, which has experienced Tertiary magmatism and volcanism, has a high distribution of metallic mineralizations such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Au, and Ag and nonmetallic deposits such as kaolin, bentonite, zeolite, and perlite. There are some kaolinized spots in the Tarom-Hashtjin altered zone, with the Kejal kaolin deposit being the most important one having medium-to high-quality kaolin Abstract: The Kejal kaolin deposit, situated in the northwest of Iran, is considered a small part of the Hashtjin hydrothermal zone. The kaolinization process in this deposit has occurred in ignimbritic and volcanic tuff parent rocks in different grades such that severely kaolinized samples can be found in the middle section of the kaolinization profile. Kaolinite is the most abundant clay mineral in the studied samples. Quartz and cristobalite are the main minerals while anatase is the minor mineral of the kaolin samples. Among the major oxides, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and TiO 2 show the highest concentrations in kaolin samples. The mass change calculations based on Ti show enrichment of Si, Al, Sr, and LREEs and depletion of alkali and alkali earth elements, HREEs, and HFSEs. The evaluation of REEs normalized to chondrite represents the higher concentration of LREEs comparing to HREEs. A remarkable positive Gd anomaly is seen in spider diagrams, which can be attributed to the primary CaO in the composition of ignimbritic precursor and also the Gd release due to the decomposition of Gd complexes and adsorption by clay minerals. The Eu negative anomaly is the other obvi...

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The mineralogy, geochemistry, and suitability for ceramic applications of Akharım (Afyonkarahisar, W Turkey) kaolinitic clay

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Physico-Chemical, Mineralogical, and Chemical Characterisation of Cretaceous–Paleogene/Neogene Kaolins within Eastern Dahomey and Niger Delta Basins from Nigeria: Possible Industrial Applications

Physico-Chemical, Mineralogical, and Chemical Characterisation of Cretaceous–Paleogene/Neogene Kaolins within Eastern Dahomey and Niger Delta Basins from Nigeria: Possible Industrial Applications

Investigation of the Use of Kütahya Region Kaolin in Wall Tiles

Geochemical and industrial properties of the Kejal kaolin deposit, NW Iran

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