The Mineral Requirements Of Radiata Pine Seedlings

Abstract

Radiata pine seedlings were grown in water cultures and perlite cultures in which N, P, K, and Mg were supplied at several rates. It was found that deficient or excess supplies of most nutrients cause chlorosis. The blue-green foliage on P-deficient seedlings is an exception. The patterns of chlorosis produced by N, K, and :M g deficiencies are distinct and characteristic. Quantities of 100 p.p.m. of N, 1 p.p.m. of P, 10 p.p.m. of K, am: 10 p.p.m. of Mg in the nutrient solution are sufficient to maintain good growth in seedlings. These levels are low when compared with those obtained in some other studies, but they are of the same order as the concentrations found in the soii solutions of two New Zealand soils known to support vigorous plantations of radiata pine. In an experiment of this nature it is important to have the basic nutrient concentrations similar to levels found in soil solutions, otherwise optimum levels of supply and critical foliage levels may not apply to plants grown under field conditions. Foliage contents of 1.6% of N, 0.10% of P, 1.1% of K, and 0.11% of Mg indicate adequate supplies of each nutrient. The excess or deficient supply of one nutrient causes characteristic changes in the uptake of other nutrients. INTRoDUCTIOK Although radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) has only a very restricted natural range along the California coastline, it is proving to be an adaptable and very productive species in many countries, especially in the temperate zone of the southern hemisphere. Planted on widely differing sites, it has been found in some cases to suffer from mineral deficiencies. In Australia applications of phosphorus and zinc to the soil have corrected deficiencies of these elements (Kessell and

Growth and nutrition of birch seedlings at varied relative addition rates of magnesium

“…Under severe Mg limitation, the root made up only about 8% of the total biomass (DW), whereas almost three times as much biomass was allocated to the root under non-growth-limiting Mg conditions (Figure 1). Similar growth behavior in response to Mg shortage is generally (e.g., Shear 1980, Marschner 1986, Matzner et al 1986), but not always (e.g., Will 1961), observed.…”

Relationships between shoot to root ratio, growth and leaf soluble protein concentration of Pisum sativum, Phaseolus vulgaris and Triticum aestivum under different nutrient deficiencies

“…Also, in relation to the Thornley (1972) and Dewar (1993) models, carbohydrate accumulation in shoots has been associated with increased S : R of bean on low K or Mg supply (Marschner Kirkby & Cakmak 1996). Marschner et al (1996) proposed that S : R increases when K or Mg availability limits growth as both play a distinct role in the export of photosynthate from shoot to root via the phloem and hence, a deficiency of either results in impaired transport of photosynthate from shoot to root, accumulation of carbohydrates in the shoot and increased S : R. However, this proposal does not explain the decrease in S : R with decreased K or Mg supply which has been reported to occur (Will 1961;Asher & Ozanne 1967;Drew 1975;Steen 1984).…”

“…There is general agreement that shoot to root dry weight ratio (S : R) decreases when growth is limited by N supply (Andrews 1993), S supply (Clarkson, Saker & Purves 1989;Zsoldos et al 1990;Ingestad & Ägren 1991) or P supply (Adalsteinsson & Jensen 1988;Fredeen, Rao & Terry 1989;Rufty, MacKown & Israel 1990;Ingestad & Ägren 1991;Cakmak, Hengeler & Marschner 1994). In contrast, S : R has been reported to decrease or increase with decreased growth associated with K deficiency (Asher & Ozanne 1967;Drew 1975;Steen 1984;Cakmak et al 1994;Ericsson 1995), Mg deficiency (Will 1961;Cakmak et al 1994;Ericsson & Kähr 1995) or Ca deficiency (Joham 1957;Ericsson 1995). There are reports for several higher plant species that S : R changes with growth/development independently of nutrient supply (Bastow-Wilson 1988;Gedroc, McConnaughay & Coleman 1996).…”

Compounding Fire Disturbance History Encourages Coast Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) Regeneration and Community Dominance

“…Previous studies on forest productivity have generally investigated larger changes in nitrogen availability than we observed between our sites (Van Den Driessche 1971, Bledsoe andZasoski 1983, Devine andHarrington 2009). However, Will (1961) found that ~0.5 ppm changes (equivalent to mg/kg) in nitrogen concentration for lownitrogen water culture of Pinus radiata were associated with differences in height, weight, and visual severity of deficiency symptoms. Coast redwood's basal sprouts respond favorably to increased light (O'Hara and Berrill 2010), but light was not a determinant in coast redwood success in these post-fire communities.…”