The mineral darapskite in the efflorescence on two dutch churches

Holtkamp, Michael; Heijnen, W.M.M.

doi:10.1179/sic.1991.36.3.175

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Finally, darapskite is 29 often observed in efflorescences on building materials (e.g. Arnold, 1984;Holtkamp and did not seem to be appropriate for two reasons. First, the test is not realistic as the salt 1 concentration increases with every cycle resulting in extremely high salt concentrations after 2 few cycles.…”

Section: And the MC 27mentioning

confidence: 96%

Crystallization behavior of NaNO3–Na2SO4 salt mixtures in sandstone and comparison to single salt behavior

Lindström

Heitmann

Linnow

et al. 2015

Applied Geochemistry

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Section: And the MC 27mentioning

confidence: 96%

Crystallization behavior of NaNO3–Na2SO4 salt mixtures in sandstone and comparison to single salt behavior

Lindström

Heitmann

Linnow

et al. 2015

Applied Geochemistry

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“…[46]. Darapskite is stable between 13.5 and 74 • C and can never occur together with nitratine NaNO 3 and thenardite/mirabilite, because the stability fields of the latter two are separated by the darapskite field [47,48]. However, in the efflorescence analyzed, thenardite and darapskite occur together.…”

Section: Cement Mortar Between Stony Blocks Of the Subwall Below The Pavement Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cement Render and Mortar and Their Damages Due to Salt Crystallization in the Holy Trinity Church, Dominicans Monastery in Cracow, Poland

2020

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The investigations focused on the façade of the 17th-century Myszkowskis chapel at the 13th-century Church of the Holy Trinity in Cracow, Poland. Most of the chapel’s façade is made of rusticated limestone blocks, but its lower part is covered with cement render, and the basement consists of irregular pieces of limestone and sandstone, bound and partly replaced with cement mortar. The façade exhibited clearly visible damages: gray soiling of the surface, cracks, scaling, and efflorescence. The study presents characteristics of the cement render and mortar used for stone repair and/or substitution, as well as efflorescence from the lower part of the Myszkowskis chapel façade. The materials were analyzed with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), Raman microspectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRPD), and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The analyses demonstrated that the render covering some of the decayed limestone blocks was prepared using Portland cement (residual clinker grains represent alite and belite) as a binding agent, mixed with crushed stone as an aggregate. The cement mortar consisted of rounded quartz grains, rock fragments, and feldspars in very fine-grained masses of calcite and gypsum, also containing relics of cement clinker (alite, belite, ferrite, and aluminate). All these components point out the use of the ordinary Portland cement. Analyses of the efflorescence allowed us to distinguish several secondary salts, among others, thenardite, aphthitalite, and darapskite. The appearance of these phases is related to the composition and physicochemical properties of the building materials, atmospheric alteration agents, air pollution, and some other anthropogenic factors.

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Decay Process of Serpentinite: The Case of the San Giovanni Baptistery (Florence, Italy) Pavement

Santo

Agostini²,

Garzonio

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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Serpentinite is a low-grade metamorphic rock derived from the transformation of ultramafic rocks. Mainly because of its aesthetic characteristics it has been widely used as a building and ornamental stone. “Verde di Prato” is the most common local name used in Tuscany to refer to this type of rock, historically quarried in this area and used for many centuries in a large number of monuments of this region. In this paper, we report the results of a study carried out on the serpentinite from the pavement of the Florence baptistery, to properly characterize it from a physical point of view, describe the rock conservation state, and understand the phenomena responsible for its decay. The studied rock displays numerous forms of decay including fractures, loss of material, erosion, discolouration and efflorescence. X-ray diffractometer analyses of the efflorescence revealed the presence of numerous salts whose formation can be imputed to multiple, possibly concomitant, causes such as the high relative humidity and the variation of inside temperature, the presence of concrete and/or cementitious mortars in the subsoil, atmospheric pollution and the burial ground existing close the baptistery.

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The mineral darapskite in the efflorescence on two dutch churches

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Crystallization behavior of NaNO3–Na2SO4 salt mixtures in sandstone and comparison to single salt behavior

Crystallization behavior of NaNO3–Na2SO4 salt mixtures in sandstone and comparison to single salt behavior

Cement Render and Mortar and Their Damages Due to Salt Crystallization in the Holy Trinity Church, Dominicans Monastery in Cracow, Poland

Decay Process of Serpentinite: The Case of the San Giovanni Baptistery (Florence, Italy) Pavement

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