The Mind's Eyes

Kohl, James V.

doi:10.1300/j056v18n04_03

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…With regard to the conservatism and the significant role of the chemical communication in a wide range of mammals, including Homo sapiens [25], we believe extremely promising the study of genetic mechanisms underlying regulation of reproduction and immunity by volatiles that work through the olfactory system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of two pyrazine-containing chemosignals on cells of bone marrow and testes in male house mice (Mus musculus L.)

Даев

Vyborova

Kazarova

et al. 2012

J Evol Biochem Phys

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The evolutionarily conservative 2,5-dimethylpyrazine chemosignal, a pheromone released by female mice, has been shown to increase frequency of mitotic disturbances in bone marrow cells assessed by using metaphase and ana-telophase analyses. The substitution of methyl radical in the molecule of pheromone by carboxyl reveals specificity of the effect of the latter derivative: the frequency of disturbances revealed by the ana-telophase analysis alone increases, whereas no induction of disturbance is detected by the metaphase analysis. An increase of the anomalies induced by both compounds has been shown in a sperm head test. Possible mechanisms underlying specific action of the tested substances on stability of the genetic apparatus of bone marrow dividing cells in the house mouse are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of two pyrazine-containing chemosignals on cells of bone marrow and testes in male house mice (Mus musculus L.)

Даев

Vyborova

Kazarova

et al. 2012

J Evol Biochem Phys

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“…OLFACTION, INNATE ORIENTATIONS, AND SEXUAL LEARNING Kohl (2001) has proposed another parsimonious learning model where olfactory cues are the sole primary reinforcer involved in the development of a wide variety of phylogenetically significant behaviors, including those for reproduction (Kohl, 2007;Kohl et al, 2001Kohl et al, , 2001. According to this theory, stimulus characteristics become "sexual" only because of conditioned associations with olfactory stimuli.…”

Section: The Emergence Of Heterosexual Reproductive Behavior Viamentioning

confidence: 99%

Learned but Not Chosen: A Reward Competition Feedback Model for the Origins of Sexual Preferences and Orientations

Safron

Klimaj

2022

Gender and Sexuality Development

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Is sexual orientation an evolutionary adaptation or social construct? With respect to sexual preferences, to what extent are we "born that way" and to what extent does learning matter? This chapter discusses how nature and nurture may interact to shape sexual motivation by reviewing existing literature on sexual preferences and orientations, as well as by considering sex/gender differences in erotic plasticity, sexual fluidity, and the specificity of sexual arousal.We describe how these phenomena might be accounted for by processes in which mind-body feedback loops amplify some sexual responses over others on multiple levels, which we refer to as the Reward Competition Feedback (RCF) model. With respect to sex/gender differences, we describe how these positive feedback processes might be amplified in men compared with women, potentially substantially driven by differences in the constraints and affordances of female and male anatomy. More specifically, we argue that the well-known female-male difference in the concordance of genital and subjective arousal may contribute to well-known differences in sexual specificity and plasticity/fluidity. We further provide convergent support for RCF by reviewing preexisting theories of sexual learning. Finally, we consider some of the 2 ethical implications of models in which sexual orientation might be shaped by experiences over the course of development.

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“…At least in rhesus monkeys, evolutionary pressures for successful reproduction could be subserved by general-purpose reward-learning mechanisms and their interactions with the affordances and constraints of their embodiments and environments. Kohl (2001) has proposed another parsimonious learning model where olfactory cues are the sole primary reinforcer involved in the development of a wide variety of phylogenetically significant behaviors, including those for reproduction (Kohl, 2007;Kohl et al, 2001Kohl et al, , 2001). According to this theory, stimulus characteristics become "sexual" only because of conditioned associations with olfactory stimuli.…”

Section: The Emergence Of Heterosexual Reproductive Behavior Via Partmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learned but Not Chosen: A Reward Competition Feedback Model for the Origins of Sexual Preferences and Orientations

Safron¹,

Klimaj²

2020

Preprint

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Is sexual orientation an evolutionary adaptation or social construct? With respect to sexual preferences, to what extent are we “born that way” and to what extent does learning matter? This chapter discusses how nature and nurture may interact to shape sexual motivation by reviewing existing literature on sexual preferences and orientations, as well as by considering sex/gender differences in erotic plasticity, sexual fluidity, and the specificity of sexual arousal. We describe how these phenomena might be accounted for by processes in which mind body feedback loops amplify some sexual responses over others on multiple levels, which we refer to as the Reward Competition Feedback (RCF) model. With respect to sex/gender differences, we describe how these positive feedback processes might be amplified in men compared with women, potentially substantially driven by differences in the constraints and affordances of female and male anatomy. More specifically, we argue that the well-known female-male difference in the concordance of genital and subjective arousal may contribute to well-known differences in sexual specificity and plasticity/fluidity. We further provide convergent support for RCF by reviewing preexisting theories of sexual learning. Finally, we consider some of the ethical implications of models in which sexual orientation might be shaped by experiences over the course of development.

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The Mind's Eyes

Cited by 7 publications

References 103 publications

Effect of two pyrazine-containing chemosignals on cells of bone marrow and testes in male house mice (Mus musculus L.)

Effect of two pyrazine-containing chemosignals on cells of bone marrow and testes in male house mice (Mus musculus L.)

Learned but Not Chosen: A Reward Competition Feedback Model for the Origins of Sexual Preferences and Orientations

Learned but Not Chosen: A Reward Competition Feedback Model for the Origins of Sexual Preferences and Orientations

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