The Minamata Convention on Mercury: Attempting to address the global controversy of dental amalgam use and mercury waste disposal

Mackey, Tim K.; Contreras, J.T.; Liang, Bryan A.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.115

Cited by 121 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Dental amalgams have been previously shown to be significantly correlated with urinary mercury concentrations, increasing with the number of amalgam fillings (Becker et al, 2003;Geier et al, 2012). Concerns regarding mercury exposure through dental amalgams have resulted in a call for a phase-down of their use (Mackey et al, 2014).…”

Section: Urinary Inorganic Mercury Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The bioaccessibility of soil-based mercury as determined by physiological based extraction tests and human biomonitoring in children

Safruk

Berger

Jackson³

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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Environmental contaminants associated with soil particles are generally less bioavailable than contaminants associated with other exposure media where chemicals are often found in more soluble forms. In vitro methods, such as Physiological Based Extraction Tests (PBET), can provide estimates of bioaccessibility for soil-based contaminants. The results of these tests can be used to predict exposure to contaminants from soil ingestion pathways within human health risk assessment (HHRA). In the current investigation, an HHRA was conducted to examine the risks associated with elevated concentrations of mercury in soils in the northern Canadian smelter community of Flin Flon, Manitoba. A PBET was completed for residential soils and indicated mean bioaccessibilities of 1.2% and 3.0% for total mercury using gastric phase and gastric+intestinal phase methodologies, respectively. However, as many regulators only allow for the consideration of in vitro results for lead and arsenic in the HHRA process, in vitro bioaccessibility results for mercury were not utilized in the current HHRA. Based on the need to assume 100% bioaccessibility for inorganic mercury in soil, results from the HHRA indicated the need for further assessment of exposure and risk. A biomonitoring study was undertaken for children between 2 and 15 years of age in the community to examine urinary inorganic mercury concentrations. Overall, 375 children provided valid urine samples for analysis. Approximately 50% of urine samples had concentrations of urinary inorganic mercury below the limit of detection (0.1 μg/L), with an average creatinine adjusted concentration of 0.11 μg/g. Despite high variability in mercury soil concentrations within sub-communities, soil concentrations did not appear to influence urinary mercury concentrations. The results of the current investigation indicate that mercury bioaccessibility in residential soils in the Flin Flon area was likely limited and that HHRA estimates would have been better approximated through inclusion of the in vitro study results.

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Section: Urinary Inorganic Mercury Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The bioaccessibility of soil-based mercury as determined by physiological based extraction tests and human biomonitoring in children

Safruk

Berger

Jackson³

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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“…However, even if the Minamata Convention manages to successfully reduce new mercury emissions, already existing atmospheric deposition levels may remain for hundreds more years, making it essential to issue dietary recommendations for vulnerable groups [75,76].…”

Section: Is It Enough To Reduce Mercury Emissions?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus document on the prevention of methylmercury exposure in Spain

González-Estecha

Bodas-Pinedo²,

Guillén-Pérez³

et al. 2015

Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology

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“…However, HgCl 2 is a kind of poisonous and volatile compound, damaging the environment and human health. In 2013, the Minamata convention on mercury clearly curbed the application of products containing mercury on a global scale in 2020 [3]. Consequently, it is encouraged to explore a green non-mercury catalyst to substitute the HgCl 2 catalyst for acetylene hydrochlorination reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochlorination of Acetylene Catalyzed by an Activated Carbon-Supported Ammonium Hexachlororuthenate Complex

Gao

Zhang

et al. 2017

Catalysts

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Ammonium hexachlororuthenate ((NH 4 ) 2 RuCl 6 ) complex was used as a catalyst precursor and coconut activated carbon (AC) was used as the support in the preparation process of the Ru-based catalyst. (NH 4 ) 2 RuCl 6 /AC catalyst was prepared via an incipient wetness impregnation method and assessed in an acetylene hydrochlorination reaction. Meanwhile, the (NH 4 ) 2 RuCl 6 /AC catalyst was analyzed with low-temperature N 2 adsorption/desorption, thermogravimetry (TG), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) techniques. Catalytic performance test results show that the (NH 4 ) 2 RuCl 6 /AC catalyst exhibits a superior catalytic activity with the highest acetylene conversion of 90.5% under the conditions of 170 • C and an acetylene gas hourly space velocity of 180 h −1 . The characterization results illustrate that the presence of the NH 4 + cation can inhibit coke deposition as well as the agglomeration of ruthenium particles, and it can also enhance the adsorption ability for reactant HCl, hence improving the catalytic activity and stability.

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The Minamata Convention on Mercury: Attempting to address the global controversy of dental amalgam use and mercury waste disposal

Cited by 121 publications

References 15 publications

The bioaccessibility of soil-based mercury as determined by physiological based extraction tests and human biomonitoring in children

The bioaccessibility of soil-based mercury as determined by physiological based extraction tests and human biomonitoring in children

Consensus document on the prevention of methylmercury exposure in Spain

Hydrochlorination of Acetylene Catalyzed by an Activated Carbon-Supported Ammonium Hexachlororuthenate Complex

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