The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: theMbhâLspheroidderived supermassive black hole mass function

Vika, Marina; Driver, Simon P.; Graham, Alister W.; Liske, J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15544.x

Cited by 60 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…This quantitative limit assumes a constant efficiency but is mostly independent of the accretion rate history and BH seed masses. The accretion must be very radiatively efficient at early times and then drop to inefficient growth throughout most of the remaining cosmic time with the resulting population largely unaccounted for in the SMBH census in local universe (Vika et al 2009). In addition, this population must be extremely gas-obscured in order to i) avoid reionizing the universe too rapidly, ii) to suppress the associated soft X-ray background, iii) to enhance the fraction of energy emitted in the UV as reprocessed nebular emission.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the physical requirements for a pre-reionization origin of the unresolved near-infrared background

Helgason

Ricotti

Kashlinsky

2015

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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The study of the Cosmic Near-Infrared Background (CIB) light after subtraction of resolved sources can push the limits of current observations and yield information on galaxies and quasars in the early universe. Spatial fluctuations of the CIB exhibit a clustering excess at angular scales ∼1• whose origin has not been conclusively identified, but disentangling the relative contribution from low-and high-redshift sources is not trivial. We explore the likelihood that this signal is dominated by emission from galaxies and accreting black holes in the early Universe. We find that, the measured fluctuation signal is too large to be produced by galaxies at redshifts z>8, which only contribute ∼0.01−0.05 nWm −2 sr −1 to the CIB. Additionally, if the first small mass galaxies have a normal IMF, the light of their ageing stars (fossils) integrated over cosmic time contributes a comparable amount to the CIB as their pre-reionization progenitors. In order to produce the observed level of CIB fluctuation without violating constraints from galaxy counts and the electron optical depth of the IGM, minihalos at z>12 must form preferably top-heavy stars with efficiency f ⋆ 0.1 and at the same time maintain a very low escape fraction of ionizing radiation, f esc <0.1%. If instead the CIB fluctuations are produced by high-z black holes, one requires vigorous accretion in the early universe reaching ρ acc 10 5 M ⊙ Mpc −3 by z≃10. This growth must stop by z∼6 and be significantly obscured not to overproduce the soft cosmic X-ray background (CXB) and its observed coherence with the CIB. We therefore find the range of suitable high-z explanations to be narrow, but could possibly be widened by including additional physics and evolution at those epochs.

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Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the physical requirements for a pre-reionization origin of the unresolved near-infrared background

Helgason

Ricotti

Kashlinsky

2015

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…(ii) the observed black hole mass function (Graham et al 2007;Shankar et al 2009;Vika et al 2009;Davis et al 2014;Mutlu-Pakdil et al 2016) and Magorrian relation (Thornton et al 2008;Jiang et al 2011;Mathur et al 2012;Jiang et al 2013;Reines et al 2013;Scott et al 2013;Busch et al 2014;Sanghvi et al 2014;Yuan et al 2014) at low redshift (z 0.5);…”

Section: Galaxy and Black Hole Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation – X. The small contribution of quasars to reionization

Qin

Mutch

Poole

et al. 2017

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Motivated by recent measurements of the number density of faint AGN at high redshift, we investigate the contribution of quasars to reionization by tracking the growth of central supermassive black holes in an update of the Meraxes semi-analytic model. The model is calibrated against the observed stellar mass function at z ∼ 0.6 − 7, the black hole mass function at z 0.5, the global ionizing emissivity at z ∼ 2 − 5 and the Thomson scattering optical depth. The model reproduces a Magorrian relation in agreement with observations at z < 0.5 and predicts a decreasing black hole mass towards higher redshifts at fixed total stellar mass. With the implementation of an opening angle of 80 deg for quasar radiation, corresponding to an observable fraction of ∼23.4 per cent due to obscuration by dust, the model is able to reproduce the observed quasar luminosity function at z ∼ 0.6 − 6. The stellar light from galaxies hosting faint AGN contributes a significant or dominant fraction of the UV flux. At high redshift, the model is consistent with the bright end quasar luminosity function and suggests that the recent faint z ∼ 4 AGN sample compiled by Giallongo et al. (2015) includes a significant fraction of stellar light. Direct application of this luminosity function to the calculation of AGN ionizing emissivity consequently overestimates the number of ionizing photons produced by quasars by a factor of 3 at z ∼ 6. We conclude that quasars are unlikely to make a significant contribution to reionization.

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“…Recent estimates of the local BH mass function (e.g., Vika et al 2009) claim even lower number densities of low mass BHs that would further exacerbate the tension with model predictions. The shape of the local BH mass function at low masses is essential to properly constrain the total amount of sub-Eddington accretion that characterized the cosmic evolution of BHs (Shankar et al 2012b).…”

Section: Late-type Bulges: Bh Demography Revisitedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black holes in pseudobulges: demography and models

Shankar

Marulli

Mathur

et al. 2012

A&A

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Context. There is mounting evidence that a significant fraction of black holes (BHs) today live in late-type galaxies, including bulgeless galaxies and those hosting pseudobulges, and are significantly undermassive with respect to the scaling relations followed by their counterpart BHs in classical bulges of similar stellar (or even bulge) mass. Aims. Here we discuss the predictions of two state-of-the-art hierarchical galaxy formation models in which BHs grow via mergers and, in one, also via disc instability. Our aim is to understand if the wealth of new data on local BH demography is consistent with standard models. Methods. We follow the merger trees of representative subsamples of BHs and compute the fractional contributions of different processes to the final BH mass. Results. We show that the model in which BHs always closely follow the growth of their host bulges, also during late disk instabilities (i.e., bars), produces too narrow a distribution of BHs at fixed stellar mass to account for the numerous low-mass BHs now detected in later-type galaxies. Models with a looser connection between BH growth and bar instability instead predict the existence of a larger number of undermassive BHs, in better agreement with the observations. Conclusions. The scatter in the updated local BH-bulge mass relation (with no restriction on galaxy type) appears to be quite large when including later-type systems, but it can still be managed to be reproduced within current hierarchical models. However, the fuelling of BHs during the late bar-instability mode needs to be better quantified/improved to properly fit the data. We conclude discussing how the possibly large number of BHs in later type galaxies demands for an in-depth revision of the local BH mass function and its modelling.

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The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: theM_bhâL_spheroidderived supermassive black hole mass function

Cited by 60 publications

References 66 publications

On the physical requirements for a pre-reionization origin of the unresolved near-infrared background

On the physical requirements for a pre-reionization origin of the unresolved near-infrared background

Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation – X. The small contribution of quasars to reionization

Black holes in pseudobulges: demography and models

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The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: theMbhâLspheroidderived supermassive black hole mass function

Cited by 60 publications

References 66 publications

On the physical requirements for a pre-reionization origin of the unresolved near-infrared background

On the physical requirements for a pre-reionization origin of the unresolved near-infrared background

Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation – X. The small contribution of quasars to reionization

Black holes in pseudobulges: demography and models

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: theM_bhâL_spheroidderived supermassive black hole mass function