The milky spots of the peritoneum and pleura: structure, development and pathology

Michailova, K.; Usunoff, Kamen G.

doi:10.14748/bmr.v15.102

Cited by 16 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 121 publications

(193 reference statements)

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“…Surprisingly, few studies have investigated its structural organization in dogs. Most publications rely on information gained in humans or laboratory animals, or on the findings in similar structures such as the pleura or the peritoneum (Michailova and Usunoff, ). As it is important to know the very basic composition of an organ to understand its underlying working mechanisms, the current study was performed to unravel this mystery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microscopic Structure of the Omentum in Healthy Dogs: The Mystery Unravelled

Huyghe

Rooster

Doom

et al. 2015

Anat. Histol. Embryol.

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The canine omentum has many valuable properties but is still an underestimated organ. It contributes in many ways to the protection of the peritoneal cavity through its versatility on immunological level, but also through its role during angiogenesis, absorption, adhesion and fat storage. Despite a wide range of applications, the basic structure of the omentum is not well documented. This study provides an insight in the microscopic structure of the canine omentum through both light microscopic and electron microscopic investigations. Two regions could be distinguished in the canine omentum: translucent and adipose-rich regions. The translucent regions were composed of two different layers: a continuous flattened mesothelium on top of a submesothelial connective tissue matrix. The adipose-rich regions consisted of a substantial layer of adipocytes on which a flattened continuous mesothelium was present. Between those two layers, a few strands of collagen fibres could be detected. Large aggregates of immune cells, the so-called milky spots, were not observed in the omentum of healthy dogs. Only a limited number of leucocytes, macrophages and neutrophils were found, scattered throughout the connective tissue in the translucent regions. At the level of the adipose-rich regions, the immunological population was virtually non-existent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microscopic Structure of the Omentum in Healthy Dogs: The Mystery Unravelled

Huyghe

Rooster

Doom

et al. 2015

Anat. Histol. Embryol.

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“…Furthermore, these studies should investigate the (synaptic) relation of sympathetic nerve fibres to various OMS cell types such as immune and stromal cells, as well as the presence and type of adrenergic receptors on these cells. Although the current study focused on MSs in the greater omentum, similar structures, often referred to as extraomental MSs, can be found in the peritoneum, mesenterium, mediastinum, pericardium, and pleura (Michailova & Usunoff, ; Cruz‐Migoni & Caamano, ). As these structures are involved in local immune activity (Cruz‐Migoni & Caamano, ), including them in future studies is recommended.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OMSs are cellular aggregates of macrophages, B-cells, and T-cells (Shimotsuma et al 1991;Liu et al 2015). They develop during ontogeny (Krist et al 1997), are found in various animal species including humans (Michailova & Usunoff, 2004), and can be observed in large fixed omental tissue samples after staining with haematoxylin (Schurink et al 2019) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sympathetic nerve tissue in milky spots of the human greater omentum

et al. 2019

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Omental milky spots (OMSs), small lymphoid structures positioned in the greater omentum, are involved in peritoneal immune homeostasis and the formation of omental metastases. Sympathetic nerve activity is known to regulate immune function in other lymphoid organs (e.g. spleen and lymph nodes) and to create a favourable microenvironment for various tumour types. However, it is still unknown whether OMSs receive sympathetic innervation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish whether OMSs of the adult human greater omentum receive sympathetic innervation. A total of 18 OMSs were isolated from five omenta, which were removed from 3% formaldehyde‐perfused cadavers (with a median age of 84 years, ranging from 64 to 94). OMSs were embedded in paraffin, cut and stained with a general (PGP9.5) and sympathetic nerve marker (TH and DBH), and evaluated by bright field microscopy. A T‐cell, B‐cell, and macrophage staining was performed to confirm OMS identity. In 50% of the studied OMSs, sympathetic nerve fibres were observed at multiple levels of the same OMS. Nerve fibres were represented as dots or elongated structures and often observed in relation to small vessels and occasionally as individual structures residing between lymphoid cells. The current study shows that 50% of the investigated OMSs contain sympathetic nerve fibres. These findings may contribute to our understanding of neural regulation of peritoneal immune response and the involvement of OMSs in omental metastases.

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“…Fax: +90 2562470720. Email: ueren@adu.edu.tr, ulkereren@hotmail.com 1995, Van Vught et al 1996Michailova & Usunoff 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of local defense spots within the peritoneal cavity in Japanese quails,Coturnix coturnix japonica(Galliformes, Phasianidae) and Wistar rats,Rattus norvegicus(Rodentia, Muridae)

Saydam

Eren

2012

Italian Journal of Zoology

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The local defense spots (milky spot) are found on the greater omentum but also in other peritoneal regions, as well as on the pleura and pericardium. Milky spots are small accumulations of leukocytes scattered around the capillaries. The most frequent cells in milky spots are the macrophages, followed by lymphocytes and mast cells. In this study, the structure of milky spots of quails and rats after antigenic stimulation with bovine serum albumin were examined at the light microscope levels by applying conventional histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. The parietal peritoneum and mesentery samples from quails and parietal peritoneum, mesentery and omentum majus samples from rats were collected. Local defense spots were seen as local lymphoid cell aggregations in the omentum, mesentery and parietal peritoneum in rats, whereas in quails they were seen only in the mesentery. After the bovine serum albumin injection, the dimensions of spots were at their biggest 6 hours after injection (p < 0.001) in the rat and 1 hour after injection (p < 0.01) in the quail. Lymphocytes, macrophages (MHC II positive cells in quail), plasma cells and mast cells were detected within the aggregates of both rat and quails. In conclusion, it was determined that the quails have local defense spots at the mesentery like the milky spots of rats. In addition, the present study findings confirm that local defense spots react to antigenic stimulation by innate and adaptive immunity in rats and quails.

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The milky spots of the peritoneum and pleura: structure, development and pathology

Cited by 16 publications

References 121 publications

The Microscopic Structure of the Omentum in Healthy Dogs: The Mystery Unravelled

The Microscopic Structure of the Omentum in Healthy Dogs: The Mystery Unravelled

Sympathetic nerve tissue in milky spots of the human greater omentum

A comparative study of local defense spots within the peritoneal cavity in Japanese quails,Coturnix coturnix japonica(Galliformes, Phasianidae) and Wistar rats,Rattus norvegicus(Rodentia, Muridae)

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