The Migratory Properties and Numbers of T Regulatory Cell Subsets in Circulation Are Differentially Influenced by Season and Are Associated With Vitamin D Status

Lamikanra, Abigail; Tsang, Hoi Pat; Elsiddig, S; Spencer, M. C.; Curnow, Elinor; Danby, Robert; Roberts, David

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00685

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…15 Even though other causes cannot be excluded, seasonal variations in UV radiation probably contribute to the observed seasonal changes in cancer incidence and to the effect of the period of diagnosis on cancer prognosis. This hypothesis is supported by the following evidence: (a) UV radiation induces the production of VitD by skin keratinocytes; 13 (b) in the Nordic countries serum VitD status exhibits a strong seasonal variation that parallels the seasonal change in UVB radiation that reaches the earth; 13 (c) vitamin D can promote the development and function of Tregs; 17 (d) Treg blood levels are significantly higher in summer compared to winter in temperate climate regions; 68 (e) Tregs suppress early cancer; 69 (f) low VitD levels are associated with increased cancer incidence and mortality 70 (g) vitamin D intake reduces cancer risk; 71 (h) colorectal cancer and prostate cancer seasonal variation in the US depend on the latitude; 9 (i) UV radiation may induce immunosuppression by VitD-independent pathways. 11 As a clinical implication, this work suggests that early stage cancer prognosis may be improved by a course of CS (or other immunosuppressive drugs) treatment.…”

Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 93%

The Contrasting Seasonality Patterns of Some Cancer-Types and Herpes Zoster Can Be Explained by a Binary Classification of Immunological Reactions

Elkoshi¹

2022

JIR

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A binary classification of the pathogenic immune reactions as anti-inflammatory high-Treg reactions or pro-inflammatory low-Treg reactions explains both the relatively low incidence rate of several types of cancer, and the relatively high incidence rate of herpes zoster cases diagnosed in the summer compared to cases diagnosed in the winter (in regions with temperate climate). This binary model also elucidates the longer survival of cancer patients diagnosed during the summer compared to these diagnosed in the winter. The three key elements of this explanation are: (a) the effect of sunlight on Treg production; (b) the evolvement of cancer from a low-Treg condition at early stage, to a high-Treg condition at advanced stage, and (c) the evolvement of herpes zoster from a high-Treg condition at pre-exudative stage to a low-Treg condition at acute exudative stage. A significant proportion of indolent tumors at the time of diagnosis (>20%) is a prerequisite for a beneficial effect of sunlight on cancer incidence rate and prognosis. This prerequisite restricts the beneficial effect of diagnosis during summer to certain types of cancer. Clinical implication: the prognosis of early stage tumors may be improved by a course of corticosteroid (or other immunosuppressant) treatment.

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Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 93%

The Contrasting Seasonality Patterns of Some Cancer-Types and Herpes Zoster Can Be Explained by a Binary Classification of Immunological Reactions

Elkoshi¹

2022

JIR

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“…The active vitamin D molecule 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 could be produced in the kidneys and in extrarenal tissues such as activated monocytes/macrophages, where VDR is also expressed and is therefore vitamin D targets as well [59,60]. Various studies have shown a stimulatory effect of vitamin D on Tregs (CD4 + , CD25 + , CD127 − , FoxP3 + ), which are the important immune response cells in humans [61][62][63].…”

Section: Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Efficacy and Mechanism of Vitamin D in the Treatment of “Kidney-Brain” Disorders

Zhang¹,

Wang²,

Zhang³

2023

Vitamin D Deficiency - New Insights

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Accumulating evidences have shown that serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were inversely correlated with the incidence or severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and that vitamin D deficiency might be associated with an increased susceptibility to many of the complications accompanied by COVID-19, such as disorders in kidney and brain. Our previous experimental studies demonstrated that vitamin D and its analogs could protect from kidney diseases, neuroinflammation, and musculoskeletal disorders such as osteoporosis and muscle atrophy, through the suppressive effects on overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in tissues. Moreover, we published a review describing the therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for organ injuries associated with COVID-19 by interfering with RAS. In the TCM principle “Kidney dredges brain,” this chapter will emphasize the potential preventive and therapeutic effects of vitamin D on both renal injuries and central nervous system disorders in COVID-19 patients and further elucidate the pharmacological effects with underlying mechanisms of vitamin D in “Kidney-Brain” disorders.

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“…Maternal vitamin D deficiency is indeed associated with reduced foetal thymic volume [ 186 ]. Low vitamin D levels later in life are not associated with reduced thymic output but are correlated with the proportion of tT reg in the periphery [ 187 , 188 ]. Furthermore, thymic output, as measured by TREC levels, is correlated with month-of-birth [ 189 ], supporting a potential link between thymic output, vitamin D and MS susceptibility.…”

Section: Roles Of Ms Risk Factors In Thymopoiesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of thymic tolerance to central nervous system autoimmunity

Alberti

Handel

2020

Semin Immunopathol

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Autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are associated with high levels of morbidity and economic cost. Research efforts have previously focused on the contribution of the peripheral adaptive and innate immune systems to CNS autoimmunity. However, a failure of thymic negative selection is a necessary step in CNS-reactive T cells escaping into the periphery. Even with defective thymic or peripheral tolerance, the development of CNS inflammation is rare. The reasons underlying this are currently poorly understood. In this review, we examine evidence implicating thymic selection in the pathogenesis of CNS autoimmunity. Animal models suggest that thymic negative selection is an important factor in determining susceptibility to and severity of CNS inflammation. There are indirect clinical data that suggest thymic function is also important in human CNS autoimmune diseases. Specifically, the association between thymoma and paraneoplastic encephalitis and changes in T cell receptor excision circles in multiple sclerosis implicate thymic tolerance in these diseases. We identify potential associations between CNS autoimmunity susceptibility factors and thymic tolerance. The therapeutic manipulation of thymopoiesis has the potential to open up new treatment modalities, but a better understanding of thymic tolerance in CNS autoimmunity is required before this can be realised.

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The Migratory Properties and Numbers of T Regulatory Cell Subsets in Circulation Are Differentially Influenced by Season and Are Associated With Vitamin D Status

Cited by 3 publications

References 58 publications

The Contrasting Seasonality Patterns of Some Cancer-Types and Herpes Zoster Can Be Explained by a Binary Classification of Immunological Reactions

The Contrasting Seasonality Patterns of Some Cancer-Types and Herpes Zoster Can Be Explained by a Binary Classification of Immunological Reactions

Pharmacological Efficacy and Mechanism of Vitamin D in the Treatment of “Kidney-Brain” Disorders

The contribution of thymic tolerance to central nervous system autoimmunity

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