The Migration Period between the Oder and the Vistula (2 vols)

Bursche, Aleksander; Hines, John; Zapolska, Anna

doi:10.1163/9789004422421

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The results of geoarchaeological studies of the medieval settlements in the region have been well-described 20 however, earlier anthropogenic activity in SE Poland dating back to the Roman period and the Migration Period has not been fully characterised. During the Roman period, the Przeworsk and Wielbark cultures can be located to the region of SE Poland, which then migrated towards the south and west and were replaced by the first Slavs around the sixth century 21 . The first records of the settlement in Busówno date back to the seventh century and the archaeological evidence suggests that the hillfort functioned until the fourteenth century and was still used, but to a lesser extent, until the seventeenth century 19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lake microbiome and trophy fluctuations of the ancient hemp rettery

Iwańska

Latoch

Suchora

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Lake sediments not only store the long-term ecological information including pollen and microfossils but are also a source of sedimentary DNA (sedDNA). Here, by the combination of traditional multi-proxy paleolimnological methods with the whole-metagenome shotgun-sequencing of sedDNA we were able to paint a comprehensive picture of the fluctuations in trophy and bacterial diversity and metabolism of a small temperate lake in response to hemp retting, across the past 2000 years. Hemp retting (HR), a key step in hemp fibre production, was historically carried out in freshwater reservoirs and had a negative impact on the lake ecosystems. In Lake Slone, we identified two HR events, during the late stage of the Roman and Early Medieval periods and correlated these to the increased trophy and imbalanced lake microbiome. The metagenomic analyses showed a higher abundance of Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes and Bacteroidetes and a functional shift towards anaerobic metabolism, including degradation of complex biopolymers such as pectin and cellulose, during HR episodes. The lake eutrophication during HR was linked to the allochthonous, rather than autochthonous carbon supply—hemp straws. We also showed that the identification of HR based on the palynological analysis of hemp pollen may be inconclusive and we suggest the employment of the fibre count analysis as an additional and independent proxy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lake microbiome and trophy fluctuations of the ancient hemp rettery

Iwańska

Latoch

Suchora

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…For instance, regeneration was related to the Migration Period most likely and was observed in many other sites (Czerwiński et al, 2022). There were multiple reasons for this migration, including the arrival of nomadic groups and climate change causing harsh conditions for living (Bursche et al, 2020). The weakening or disappearance of settlements opened the way for the regeneration of forest cover observed in other sites (Pelisiak and Rybicka, 1998).…”

Section: Antiquity (450 Bce-1/1 Bce/ce) -Migrationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Human-induced fires and land-use change in Lubusz Land (western Poland) derived from Lake Lubińskie sedimentary record

Bonk,

Makohonienko,

Tylmann

2023

The Holocene

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Sediments of Lake Lubińskie were investigated to track human-induced vegetation and fire activity changes in Lubusz Land (western Poland). Geochemical data, as well as pollen, macrocharcoal, and statistical analyses (CONISS, CharAnalysis, PCA, BINCOR) allowed us to recognize the major phases of the human impact. At the beginning of the investigation period, 3000 years ago, the area had already experienced disturbances from humans caused by the Lusatian and Przeworsk cultures, followed by western Slavs, and modern society. Land cover changes were mostly related to deforestation and gaining arable lands. The forest communities shrank substantially also due to timber demand from the growing society. However, the pollen record shows that within the last ~50 years the area experienced forest regeneration. Wildfires played an important role in shaping the landscape in the area of Lake Lubińskie. Overall, 23 fires were identified within the profile showing relatively high fire frequencies (up to 4.8 fires per 500 years) between 600 −38/+36 BCE and 1 ± 206 CE as well as between 1065 ± 98 CE and 1380 ± 92 CE. The highest fire frequency was observed between the 1000s and mid-1400s, showing decreased fire return interval (FRI) and increased charcoal flux as well as progressive deforestation. These changes were related to the establishment of villages (e.g., Lubin village) and the presence of the Joannites. Fire was most commonly used as a land management tool to gain patches of land for agrarian purposes. PCA and BINOCR analyses suggest that most of the fires were set by humans, but natural causes of ignition cannot be excluded. The land-use changes affected the vegetation in the region, causing increased erosion and shifts in the geochemistry of the lake reflected in better bottom waters ventilation and progressive eutrophication.

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“…This culture was perhaps related to Vandal tribes and existed between the 2 nd c. BC and the mid-5 th c. AD in the eastern part of Magna Germania. The core area of this culture was the southern and central part of what is now Poland [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. This culture is known for a wide use of iron and a developed iron metallurgy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Old wine into new wineskins? “Legacy data” in research on Roman Period East Germanic iron smelting

Żabiński,

Gramacki,

Gramacki

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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This paper discusses the use of “legacy data” in research on Roman Period iron smelting in the territory of the Przeworsk Culture in Magna Germania. The dataset includes results of 240 analyses of smelting slag and iron ores chemistry. A majority of these analyses were conducted in the 1950s-1980s. The quality of these data is far below present-day standards. Only major elements were reported, analytical methods were often not specified (although optical emission spectroscopy and wet chemical analyses can be assumed in such cases) and information on detection limits, precision and accuracy of the results is missing. In spite of this, a Principal Component Analysis-Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering treatment successfully isolated observations from the three main iron smelting regions of the Przeworsk Culture (the Holy Cross Mountains, Masovia and Silesia). These results to a degree confirm a theory proposed in the 1960s by J. Piaskowski, according to whom it was possible to distinguish iron produced in the Holy Cross Mountains from the iron produced elsewhere in the territory of what is now Poland on the basis of metal characteristics. These findings will pave the way to the ongoing research project on the Przeworsk Culture metallurgy. It is also argued that, apart from a search for new methods in iron provenance studies, more attention should be paid to results of earlier analyses and to a compilation of legacy databases. The other result is an open and flexible Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering R code to examine discrimination between production areas and to propose artefact provenance patterns in a convenient interactive way using the R development environment.

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The Migration Period between the Oder and the Vistula (2 vols)

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Lake microbiome and trophy fluctuations of the ancient hemp rettery

Lake microbiome and trophy fluctuations of the ancient hemp rettery

Human-induced fires and land-use change in Lubusz Land (western Poland) derived from Lake Lubińskie sedimentary record

Old wine into new wineskins? “Legacy data” in research on Roman Period East Germanic iron smelting

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