The Middle‐Norway eye‐screening study

Ringvold, Amund; Blika, Sigmund; Elsås, Tor; Guldahl, J; Juel, Erik; Brevik, T; Hesstvedt, P; Hoff, Katja von; Høisen, Harald; Kjørsvik, S.

doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1993.tb04992.x

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…1988). In samples of 65 years and older from both Norway (Ringvold et al. 1988) and Sweden (Ekström 1987), XFS was found in 16.9% and 17.9% of the samples, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of exfoliation syndrome in the Reykjavik Eye Study

Arnarsson

2009

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is a major risk factor for glaucoma. It is characterized by a pathological accumulation of polymorphic fibrillar material in the anterior segment of the eye. It is likely that the increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) seen in XFS patients is at least in part because of flakes of material clogging up the trabecular meshwork, and thereby increasing the resistance to outflow and increasing IOP. XFS glaucoma progresses more rapidly, is more resistant to medical treatment and has worse prognosis than other glaucomas. The prevalence of XFS has been found to vary greatly between different studies, raising the possibility of racial and/or environmental modulators. XFS has also been linked to other changes in ophthalmological structures such as; changes in central corneal thickness (CCT), steeper corneal curvature (CC) and nuclear lens opacifications. Some studies have found XFS to be associated with systemic diseases, mostly cardiovascular and cerebrovascular. Exposure to ultra-violet (UV) light has also been investigated as a possible culprit, along with several other plausible factors. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and 5-year incidence of XFS, to establish possible risk factors and/or concomitant symptoms and finally to investigate the relationship between XFS and glaucomatous changes. The Reykjavík Eye Study (RES) is a prospective study based on a random sample from the Icelandic national population sample. The baseline examination was performed in the autumn of 1996, when 1045 persons older than 50 years participated. Of these, 846 (88.2% of survivors) participated in a follow-up 5 years later. All participants went through a standard examination protocol, and answered a comprehensive questionnaire on health and life style. In the prevalence study, XFS was found in 10.7% of subjects, more frequently in women and older persons. Five years later, a further 5.2% of those that participated in the follow-up study and had no signs of XFS at baseline were diagnosed having XFS. We found a strong correlation between IOP and XFS. No difference was found in the anterior segment parameters measured, but there was a significant loss of neural tissue in the XFS as demonstrated by measurements of cup/disk ratio. In conclusion, we find XFS to be frequent among Icelanders, increasing with age and more in women. Our diagnostic criteria are reliable over time. We have also identified possible risk factors that point to a role of antioxidants in the development of XFS. We find changes in corneal curvature and thickness more related to age than XFS.

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“…1988). In samples of 65 years and older from both Norway (Ringvold et al. 1988) and Sweden (Ekström 1987), XFS was found in 16.9% and 17.9% of the samples, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of exfoliation syndrome in the Reykjavik Eye Study

Arnarsson

2009

Acta Ophthalmologica

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“…umerous intraocular changes are N associated with the occurrence of pseudoexfoliation (PE) syndrome, and conversely, its presence should always remind the ophthalmologist of increased risk for glaucoma, cataract, and different surgical complications related to planned cataract extraction (Raitta & Setala 1986;Guzek et al 1987;Skutaet al 1987;Hovding 1988;Futa & Furuyoshi 1989;Wilinder et al 1989;Schonherr et al 1990;Ringvold et al 1991;Hietanen et al 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro studies of conjunctival cells from eyes with and without pseudoexfoliation

Halvorsen

Nicolaissen

Ringvold

et al. 1995

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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The aim of the study was to examine for possible differences between cell cultures derived from eye with and without pseudoexfoliation. In both populations, scanning electron microscopy showed flattened epithelial cells and also spindleshaped fibroblast-like cells. The presence of these cell types was further confirmed by immunohistochemical demonstration of cytokeratin and vimentin in the cultured cells. The cells maintained in vitro showed a linear increase in uptake of leucine during a 12-h period. Within this period, the leucine recovered in the TCA precipitable fraction was considerably higher than the nonbound fraction. In cultures maintained in medium with and without L-ascorbic acid, the presence of L-ascorbic acid significantly increase the uptake of leucine into TCA precipitable material, and to a similar extent in cultures from the two populations. In conclusion, cells derived from eyes with and without pseudoexfoliation material and maintained in vitro showed similar morphology, presence of intermediate filaments, as well as uptake of leucine under various culture conditions.

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“…for the interpreation of a decrease with age in Schiotz pressures. This issue has been brought up by several recent publications (McLeod et al 1990; Shiose 1990; Ringvold et al 1991). With the aim of finding out which explanation is the more likely, we therefore re-examined a population study in which both increases and decreases in IOP with age were noted and in which both Schiotz and Goldmann tonometry were used.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes with age in Schiötz and Goldmann readings

Bengtsson

1992

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Three thousand one hundred and fifteen paired Schiötz and Goldmann readings in persons aged 10-79 years were re-examined. There was first a drop and then a rise in IOP with increasing age. The two methods gave very similar results up to age 50. After the age of 50 Goldmann pressures rose faster than Schiötz pressures. Changes in Schiötz readings do not reliably reflect true changes in IOP over time within the same eye or between different age groups within the same population.

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The Middle‐Norway eye‐screening study

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Epidemiology of exfoliation syndrome in the Reykjavik Eye Study

Epidemiology of exfoliation syndrome in the Reykjavik Eye Study

In vitro studies of conjunctival cells from eyes with and without pseudoexfoliation

Changes with age in Schiötz and Goldmann readings

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