The Middle Miocene Yallourn coal seam — The last coal in Australia

Holdgate, G. R.; Cartwright, Ian; Blackburn, David T.; Wallace, Malcolm W.; Gallagher, Stephen; Wagstaff, Barbara E.; Chung, Li

doi:10.1016/j.coal.2006.01.007

Cited by 40 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The Foulden material has been directly dated to the earliest early Miocene (Lindqvist and Lee, 2009), whereas the other two areas cover a wider range of time that includes the early Miocene and probably the early middle Miocene Mildenhall and Pocknall, 1989;Pole and Douglas, 1998). It is highly likely, by comparison with similar but much better dated coal sequences in Australia (e.g., Holdgate et al, 2007) Pole (2007.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Miocene climate in New Zealand: Estimates from paleobotanical data

Pole¹

2014

Palaeontologia Electronica

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Miocene New Zealand was a small, highly oceanic landmass which makes it ideal for recording terrestrial climate, free of the complications of a continental setting. Fortunately, it has a good Miocene fossil record, both marine and terrestrial. This paper reviews past conclusions about Miocene climate then attempts to derive some key climate indices for the period using a variety of plant fossil proxies. The paper looks at three slices of Miocene time -a broad early to earliest middle Miocene time, a restricted period in the middle Miocene, and broader middle-late Miocene. The results suggest early to earliest middle Miocene Mean Annual Temperatures (MATs) reached at least 17-18°C, thus, about 6-7°C warmer than today (coastal areas of southern New Zealand today have a MAT of about 11°C). At times Miocene MAT may have reached 19-20°C. These figures support the cooler estimates of New Zealand Miocene climate that have been made previously by using palebotanical proxies, rather than those based on marine invertebrates. Based on plant fossils there is no evidence that New Zealand ever reached truly 'tropical' (i.e., megathermal) conditions (> 24-25°C). The climate in the middle Miocene is confounded by signs of precipitation and temperature change, and the rarity of leaf fossils. However, the data suggest both cooling and drying from the early Miocene. The presence of crocodiles yet the disappearance of palms, suggests a MAT that was at the lower end of existence for both of these groups, perhaps about 14°C. By the late Miocene, there is evidence for significant cooling, both from leaf size and a drop in plant diversity, which resulted in vegetation dominated in many places by Nothofagus.Mike Pole. Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane Botanic Gardens Mt Coot-tha,

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Miocene climate in New Zealand: Estimates from paleobotanical data

Pole¹

2014

Palaeontologia Electronica

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“…A thick interval of abundant gymnosperms correlates with the heavier isotopes in the upper cycle. The dominant reeds and rushes between 225 and 235 m (the RDL beds of Blackburn, 1980;Holdgate et al, 2007) also yield heavy δ 13 C coal values, as do several dark lithotype beds in the lower part of the seam.…”

Section: Middle Miocene Yallourn Coal Seammentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Two cycles of upwardheavy trends separated with a boundary at 225 m correspond to the lithotype cycle boundary at 40 m (Holdgate et al, 2007) (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Middle Miocene Yallourn Coal Seammentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This new estimated age is based on the estimated equivalent marine section of the N8-10 Foraminiferal Zone in the Wuk Wuk Marl (Holdgate and Gallagher, 1996;McGowran et al, 2004). In the Gippsland Basin/Latrobe Valley, the Yallourn coal seam was the last significant peat to accumulate, and in bore M3101 the coal seam is disconformably overlain by 178 m of non-coaly fluvio-lacustrine clay and sand of Late Miocene to Pleistocene age (Dawson, 1983;Holdgate et al, 2007).…”

Section: Yallourn Coal Seammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Yallourn coal seam is considered to range in age from 13.6 to 16.3 Ma (Holdgate et al, 2007). This new estimated age revises the 15.5-16.0 Ma estimated age given by Holdgate et al (1995) using Haq et al (1988) chronostratigraphy.…”

Section: Yallourn Coal Seammentioning

confidence: 99%

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