The Mid-Ludfordian (late Silurian) Glaciation: A link with global changes in ocean chemistry and ecosystem overturns

Frýda, Jiří; Lehnert, Oliver; Joachimski, Michael M.; Männik, Peep; Kubajko, Michal; Mergl, Michal; Farkaš, Juraj; Frýdová, Barbora

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103652

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 229 publications

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“…The Mid-Ludfordian has been known for one of the largest perturbations in the Phanerozoic carbon cycle, the Mid-Ludfordian Carbon Isotope Excursion, linked with an extinction event recorded in global marine ecosystem. Significant global cooling was recently documented from temperate areas of the Prague Basin and Carnic Alps (peri-Gondwana), as well as from the tropical areas of Baltica (Laurussia) and Australia (Gondwana) based on δ 18 O data [24]. The marked cooling of sea-surface temperatures, coupled with a significant eustatic sea-level fall recorded on all corresponding palaeocontinents, evidences a major glaciation ("Mid-Ludfordian Glaciation") in polar and subpolar western Gondwana.…”

Section: The Importance Of Mid-ludfordian Glaciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Silurian Plants as Response to Climate Changes

Pšenička¹,

Bek

Frýda

et al. 2021

Life

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The most ancient macroscopic plants fossils are Early Silurian cooksonioid sporophytes from the volcanic islands of the peri-Gondwanan palaeoregion (the Barrandian area, Prague Basin, Czech Republic). However, available palynological, phylogenetic and geological evidence indicates that the history of plant terrestrialization is much longer and it is recently accepted that land floras, producing different types of spores, already were established in the Ordovician Period. Here we attempt to correlate Silurian floral development with environmental dynamics based on our data from the Prague Basin, but also to compile known data on a global scale. Spore-assemblage analysis clearly indicates a significant and almost exponential expansion of trilete-spore producing plants starting during the Wenlock Epoch, while cryptospore-producers, which dominated until the Telychian Age, were evolutionarily stagnate. Interestingly cryptospore vs. trilete-spore producers seem to react differentially to Silurian glaciations—trilete-spore producing plants react more sensitively to glacial cooling, showing a reduction in species numbers. Both our own and compiled data indicate highly terrestrialized, advanced Silurian land-plant assemblage/flora types with obviously great ability to resist different dry-land stress conditions. As previously suggested some authors, they seem to evolve on different palaeo continents into quite disjunct specific plant assemblages, certainly reflecting the different geological, geographical and climatic conditions to which they were subject.

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Section: The Importance Of Mid-ludfordian Glaciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Silurian Plants as Response to Climate Changes

Pšenička¹,

Bek

Frýda

et al. 2021

Life

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“…intervals. Hence, such binning cannot resolve high-frequency events such as the global carbon cycle perturbations predicted by Frýda et al (2021). Conversely, single-point data, such as individual fire events, do not disprove model predictions at their broad 10 m.y.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…High-amplitude carbon isotopic excursions, including the Wenlock to Přídolí, indicate the global carbon cycle was more frequently and severely perturbed during the Silurian than during any other Phanerozoic period (Frýda et al, 2021). Given the carbon and pO 2 feedbacks (Lenton et al, 2018), pO 2 oscillations could be expected due to the scale of carbon perturbations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silurian wildfire proxies and atmospheric oxygen

Glasspool

Gastaldo

2022

Geology

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The earliest evidence of wildfire is documented from two localities: the early mid-Silurian Pen-y-lan Mudstone, Rumney, Wales (UK), and the late Silurian Winnica Formation, Winnica, Poland. Nematophytes dominate both charcoal assemblages. Reflectance data indicate low-temperature fires with localized intense conditions. Fire temperatures are greater in the older and less evolved assemblage. These charcoal assemblages and others, new and previously documented, from the Silurian and earliest Devonian are compared to box models of atmospheric oxygen concentration (pO2). Based on modern charring experiments, these data indicate pO2 is divergent from the broad trends predicted by the COPSE-revisited and GEOCARBSULFOR models. Sustained burns require a minimum pO2 threshold of 16%, or ~0.75 present atmospheric level. This threshold was first met and, our charcoal data indicate, was exceeded in the mid-Silurian and then, later in the Silurian, attained again repeatedly.

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“…There is a well-known major positive excursion of δ 13 C named the Lau or the mid-Ludfordian carbon isotope excursion (e.g. Spiridonov et al 2017;Kozłowski 2020;Frýda et al 2021;). The Šilalė negative δ 13 C excursion is documented in the lower Pridoli (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable carbon isotope stratigraphy of the Silurian in the Jočionys-299 borehole (eastern Lithuania)

Balčiūnas¹,

Brazauskas²,

Garbaras³

et al. 2022

EJES

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In recent years it has become commonplace to formalize chemostratigraphic units and identify isotopic zones (chemostratigraphic units) from excursions. Stable carbon isotopes have been used in solving stratigraphic problems in the Silurian for more than 30 years. δ 13 C data supplement other stratigraphic proxies, allowing the subdivision of geological sections and more precise correlation. In this paper we give new δ 13 C data from the Silurian section of the Jočionys-299 borehole, which is located in eastern Lithuania, crossing shallow marine and lagunal deposits. Based on δ 13 C variability, the Ireviken carbon isotope excursion (CIE), the Šlilalė CIE, and probably the Valgu CIE have been identified in the investigated section. The Valgu CIE is linked to the lower part of the Švenčionys Formation. The Ireviken CIE is linked to the upper parts of the Švenčionys Formation and the Paprieniai Formation (rise in δ 13 C values), the Jočionys Formation (moderately stable δ 13 C carb values) and the Verknė Formation (fall in δ 13 C values). A small negative δ 13 C shift is documented in the Pabradė Formation. Chemostratigraphy together with biostratigraphic data allow us to correlate eastern Lithuanian lithostratigraphic units (shallow marine environment) with the global Silurian Geochronological Scale more accurately.

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The Mid-Ludfordian (late Silurian) Glaciation: A link with global changes in ocean chemistry and ecosystem overturns

Cited by 24 publications

References 229 publications

Dynamics of Silurian Plants as Response to Climate Changes

Dynamics of Silurian Plants as Response to Climate Changes

Silurian wildfire proxies and atmospheric oxygen

Stable carbon isotope stratigraphy of the Silurian in the Jočionys-299 borehole (eastern Lithuania)

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