The mid-Cretaceous palaeoenvironment of central Southern Africa (Orapa, Botswana)

Rayner, R. J.; Waters, S. B.; McKay, I.J.; Dobbs, P.N.; Shaw, Anne L.

doi:10.1016/0031-0182(91)90020-r

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Unfortunately, these deposits are unfossiliferous and their age is too poorly constrained to provide much resolution. The best records for the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene come from isolated kimberlite crater lake deposits containing important floral and faunal remains, located in South Africa, Botswana, Namibia and Tanzania (e.g., McKay and Rayner, 1986;Smith, 1986;Rayner, 1987;Bamford, 1990;Rayner et al, 1991Rayner et al, , 1997Harrison et al, 2001;Gunnell et al, 2003). Aside from these examples, no other unequivocal continental Paleogene deposits are known from anywhere in subequatorial Africa prior to this report, with the exception of mostly unfossiliferous and poorly age-constrained silcretes across DRC and Angola (gres polymorphs; Cahen, 1954) and southern Africa (Kalahari Group; Haddon and McCarthy, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sedimentology and depositional environments of the Red Sandstone Group, Rukwa Rift Basin, southwestern Tanzania: New insight into Cretaceous and Paleogene terrestrial ecosystems and tectonics in sub-equatorial Africa

Roberts

O’Connor

Stevens

et al. 2010

Journal of African Earth Sciences

108

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sedimentology and depositional environments of the Red Sandstone Group, Rukwa Rift Basin, southwestern Tanzania: New insight into Cretaceous and Paleogene terrestrial ecosystems and tectonics in sub-equatorial Africa

Roberts

O’Connor

Stevens

et al. 2010

Journal of African Earth Sciences

108

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“…The insects' burial and preservation is thought to have come about through the infilling of a crater lake by mass flows of epiclastic material from the crater's sides (Rayner et al 1991). That a large assemblage of aquatic insects is not found in the deposits has led to the suggestion that volcanic leachates produced inimical conditions for life in the lake's waters (McKay and Rayner 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mesic forest may have predominated over the wider area contrasting with sparser and earlier successional vegetation on the crater sides (Bamford 1990). Sedimentology, dating methodology, palaeoenvironment and selected references to the fossil flora and fauna are dealt with by McKay and Rayner (1986), Rayner et al (1991), Rayner (1993) and Rayner et al (1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first scarabaeid beetle (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae) described from the Mesozoic (Late-Cretaceous) of Africa

Woolley¹

2016

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A full description is given of the first scarabaeid beetle documented from the Mesozoic (Late Cretaceous) of Africa (Orapa, Botswana). Brief and partial descriptions of this beetle have appeared in two previous review papers of fossils from the Orapa Diamond Mine. This work represents an updated analysis and interpretation of the fossil based on character comparison and phylogenetic analysis. The new genus and species, Ceafornotensis archratiras, are described in Melolonthinae incertae sedis. Phylogenetic analysis suggests a sister group relationship with the tribe Phaenognathini (Melolonthinae incertae sedis). Although phytophagy in the adult beetle cannot be confirmed, it is proposed that angiosperms could have contributed to a proportion of its diet (larval or adult). This beetle may belong to a stem lineage of pleurostict scarabaeids which later experienced major radiation in response to widespread environmental changes brought about by continuing radiation of the angiosperms.

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“…6 coarse-grained material formed by collapse of crater walls, formation of debris fans, rock falls, debris flows, etc. (Smith, 1986;Rayner et al, 1991;White, 1992;Pirrung et al, 2008). Later, quiet lacustrine sedimentation will develop in the deep centre of the lake, including the mud and diatomite layers that are of great use in studies of paleoclimate (Zolitschka, 1992;Ognjanova-Rumenova and Vass, 1998;Kaiser et al, 2006;Lindqvist and Lee, 2009).…”

Section: Post-eruptive Cratersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maar-diatreme volcanoes: A review

White

Ross

2011

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

343

251

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Maar-diatreme volcanoes are produced by explosive eruptions that cut deeply into the country rock. A maar is the crater cut into the ground and surrounded by an ejecta ring, while the diatreme structure continues downward and encloses diatreme and root zone deposits. Here we attempt an evenhanded review of maardiatreme volcanology that extends from mafic to kimberlitic varieties, and from historical maar eruptions to deeply eroded or mined diatreme structures. We conclude that maar-diatreme eruptions are episodic. Ejecta rings provide invaluable insight into eruption processes and sequence, but are incomplete records of diatreme formation. Deposits within the diatreme structure include, in varying proportions, lower unbedded deposits sometimes typified by subvertical contacts among domains of debris emplaced sequentially, and upper bedded deposits formed by sedimentation on surfaces open to the atmosphere. A basal root zone comprises the transition from coherent magmatic feeder dike to clastic deposits formed by fragmentation of magma and enclosing country rock; root zones are irregular in form, and the clastic deposits are typically intruded by contorted dikes. Irregular root zone-like chaotic breccias cut by contorted dikes are also present within diatreme deposits, where they represent intra-diatreme fragmentation zones and record changes in the location of the explosion locus during eruption.

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The mid-Cretaceous palaeoenvironment of central Southern Africa (Orapa, Botswana)

Cited by 25 publications

References 17 publications

Sedimentology and depositional environments of the Red Sandstone Group, Rukwa Rift Basin, southwestern Tanzania: New insight into Cretaceous and Paleogene terrestrial ecosystems and tectonics in sub-equatorial Africa

Sedimentology and depositional environments of the Red Sandstone Group, Rukwa Rift Basin, southwestern Tanzania: New insight into Cretaceous and Paleogene terrestrial ecosystems and tectonics in sub-equatorial Africa

The first scarabaeid beetle (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae) described from the Mesozoic (Late-Cretaceous) of Africa

Maar-diatreme volcanoes: A review

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