“…In this case, the primary factors driving these alterations are the energy losses of incident ions during their interactions with the target crystal structure. Concerning high-energy ions, the difference between the ionization losses of incident ions during interactions with electron shells and nuclei is of several orders of magnitude, and the ionization energy loss of ions during interactions with electron shells plays a dominant role in structural changes [19,20]. At the same time, these changes in ceramics require a detailed study since most of the ceramics considered candidate materials are dielectrics in which alterations in the electron density and its distribution are irreversible in most cases; this is one of the key differences between ceramics and metals and alloys, in which a relaxation characteristic of the recovery of the electron density distribution after irradiation is observed.…”
Section: Statement Of the Reason For Studying Radiation Damage In Cer...mentioning
The purpose of this study is to comprehensively analyze the influence of different fluences of irradiation with Xe23+ heavy ions on alterations in the structural, optical, and strength properties of AlN ceramics and to establish a connection between structural distortions and alterations in the optical and mechanical properties of the ceramics. X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy, and indentation and single-compression methods were used as research methods. During the study, it was demonstrated that at low irradiation fluences, the main role in the changes in the properties of the AlN ceramics is played by effects related to changes in their optical properties and a fundamental absorption edge shift, which characterizes changes in the electronic properties of the ceramics (changes in the distribution of electron density). A study of the variations in the optical properties of the examined samples in relation to the irradiation fluence showed that when the fluence surpasses 5 × 1011 ion/cm2, an extra-spectral absorption band emerges within the range of 3.38–3.40 eV. This band is distinctive for the creation of vacancy ON–VAl complexes within the damaged layer’s structure. The presence of these complexes signifies structural deformations and the accumulation of defective inclusions within the damaged layer. An analysis of changes in the parameters of the crystal lattice showed that structural distortions in the damaged layer are due to the accumulation of tensile residual mechanical stresses, an increase in the concentration of which leads to the swelling and destruction of the damaged layer. Some correlations between the mechanical properties of ceramics and the irradiation fluence indicate the ceramics’ remarkable resistance to radiation-induced brittleness and weakening. These effects become apparent only when structural damage accumulates, resulting in the swelling of the crystal lattice exceeding 2.5–3%.
“…In this case, the primary factors driving these alterations are the energy losses of incident ions during their interactions with the target crystal structure. Concerning high-energy ions, the difference between the ionization losses of incident ions during interactions with electron shells and nuclei is of several orders of magnitude, and the ionization energy loss of ions during interactions with electron shells plays a dominant role in structural changes [19,20]. At the same time, these changes in ceramics require a detailed study since most of the ceramics considered candidate materials are dielectrics in which alterations in the electron density and its distribution are irreversible in most cases; this is one of the key differences between ceramics and metals and alloys, in which a relaxation characteristic of the recovery of the electron density distribution after irradiation is observed.…”
Section: Statement Of the Reason For Studying Radiation Damage In Cer...mentioning
The purpose of this study is to comprehensively analyze the influence of different fluences of irradiation with Xe23+ heavy ions on alterations in the structural, optical, and strength properties of AlN ceramics and to establish a connection between structural distortions and alterations in the optical and mechanical properties of the ceramics. X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy, and indentation and single-compression methods were used as research methods. During the study, it was demonstrated that at low irradiation fluences, the main role in the changes in the properties of the AlN ceramics is played by effects related to changes in their optical properties and a fundamental absorption edge shift, which characterizes changes in the electronic properties of the ceramics (changes in the distribution of electron density). A study of the variations in the optical properties of the examined samples in relation to the irradiation fluence showed that when the fluence surpasses 5 × 1011 ion/cm2, an extra-spectral absorption band emerges within the range of 3.38–3.40 eV. This band is distinctive for the creation of vacancy ON–VAl complexes within the damaged layer’s structure. The presence of these complexes signifies structural deformations and the accumulation of defective inclusions within the damaged layer. An analysis of changes in the parameters of the crystal lattice showed that structural distortions in the damaged layer are due to the accumulation of tensile residual mechanical stresses, an increase in the concentration of which leads to the swelling and destruction of the damaged layer. Some correlations between the mechanical properties of ceramics and the irradiation fluence indicate the ceramics’ remarkable resistance to radiation-induced brittleness and weakening. These effects become apparent only when structural damage accumulates, resulting in the swelling of the crystal lattice exceeding 2.5–3%.
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