The Microscope in Early Embryological Investigation

Abstract

The microscope became an instrument of scientific investigation during the 17th century, its application leading to the discovery of the spermatozoa and profound changes in embryological thought. The severe optical limitations and consequent distrust of the microscope limited its use during the 18th century, but thereafter the instrument gradually improved. By the end of the 19th century, the instrument had achieved a state of excellence and its application had contributed to a knowledge of early generativeprocesses that forms the foundation of modern embryology.

Macro, micro, and molecular research on spermatogenesis: The quest to understand its control

“…No attempt is made here to present a detailed account of the historical development of research on sperm and spermatogenesis, as this subject has been reviewed a t length by several authors (Bodemer, 1973;Ober and Sciagura, 1981;Roosen-Runge, 1962, 1977, 1981Setchell, 1978Setchell, , 1984. As a general theme, ad-vances in male reproductive research during this period were influenced by the growing rejection of preand early Renaissance concepts of the natural sciences, and by the development of new technologies in central Europe, notably new instruments and, in particular, the microscope.…”